Salinity Affects the Timing of Phasic Development in Spring Wheat

Grieve, Catherine M.; Francois, L. E.; Maas, E. V.

doi:10.2135/cropsci1994.0011183x003400060024x

Cited by 43 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…1, I-E) in which cell division dominates growth. This is consistent with a major salinization effect on leaf emergence rates (Curtis & Lauchli, 1985 ;Aslam et al, 1986 ;Bernstein et al, 1993a ;Grieve et al, 1993Grieve et al, , 1994Munns & Rawson, 1999) and with growth effects specifically on leaves unemerged at the time of salinization (Rawson & Munns, 1984 ;Aslam et al, 1986 ;Bernstein et al, 1993b).…”

Section: Developmental Implicationssupporting

confidence: 82%

Effects of salinization on nutrient transport to lettuce leaves: consideration of leaf developmental stage

Lazof

Bernstein

1999

New Phytologist

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Most recent reviews of plant salinity response have included the concept of a nutritional disturbance as one likely mechanism by which shoot growth might be inhibited. None the less, few studies of dicotyledonous plants have presented data on nutrient transport into the most intensively growing shoot tissues. In this paper net nutrient deposition was followed for 3 d in 8 sequential, growing leaves of Lactuca sativa, which were grown either in conditions of moderate salinization, or in a growth-stimulating concentration of NaCl. The nutrient deposition was studied from 0.7 to 3.7 d following completion of stepwise salinization. This deposition was followed in immature leaves, which had attained only 1-2 % of ultimate leaf mass by the completion of the study. In such young leaves development is still dominated by cell division. The transport of Ca# + specifically to the youngest leaves was reduced by more than twice as much as was K + transport. Transport of the other major divalent cationic nutrient, Mg# + , was not decreased for these leaves. The factors of increase for Na + and Cl − after 3.7 d after completion of salinization averaged 152 and 62 % over control levels for the three youngest leaves (for Na + and Cl − , respectively). Though significant, these increases were only 27 and 14 % as great as increases in three leaf sets of more developed growing leaves. Decreases in net K + deposition and leaf K + concentration were not greater for the youngest than they were for the oldest leaves. Net S deposition was reduced 44 % more in younger than older growing leaves, but for most leaves not beyond the level expected due to reduced sink strength. The reduction in net P deposition also seemed more related to reduced sink strength, but was reduced to approx. 50 % in both younger and more developed growing leaves. While Fe concentration was not reduced by salinization at any developmental stage, Zn# + net transport and Zn concentration were both reduced in the two youngest leaves (57 and 70 %, respectively). Given the moderate treatment imposed (Na : Ca ratio of 22) the results suggest that Ca# + transport to the youngest leaves is probably highly sensitive to salinization of the root medium and is perhaps a key physiological response in the inhibition of leaf growth.

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Section: Developmental Implicationssupporting

confidence: 82%

Effects of salinization on nutrient transport to lettuce leaves: consideration of leaf developmental stage

Lazof

Bernstein

1999

New Phytologist

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“…Salt stress induced a stronger reduction of grain yield and Δ in the driest season, probably due to an increase in the concentration of soil solution in salt and/or cumulative effects of drought and salt stress. Typical effects of salinity were observed such as reduction of seedling emergence (Francois et al 1986) and acceleration of phenological phases (Grieve et al 1994). No correlation was found between Δ and grain yield in this location.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Carbon Isotope Discrimination and Grain Yield in Spring Wheat Cultivated under Different Water Regimes

Xu¹,

Yuan²,

Li³

et al. 2007

JIPB

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In C3 plants, carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) has been proposed as an indirect selection criterion for grain yield. Reported correlations between Δ and grain yield however, differ highly according to the analyzed organ or tissue, the stage of sampling, and the environment and water regime. In a first experiment carried out in spring wheat during two consecutive seasons in the dry conditions of northwest Mexico (Ciudad Obregon, Sonora), different water treatments were applied, corresponding to the main water regimes available to spring wheat worldwide, and the relationships between Δ values of different organs and grain yield were examined. Under terminal (post‐anthesis) water stress, grain yield was positively associated with Δ in grain at maturity and in leaf at anthesis, confirming results previously obtained under Mediterranean environments. Under early (pre‐anthesis) water stress and residual moisture stress, the association between grain Δ and yield was weaker and highly depended on the quantity of water stored in the soil at sowing. No correlation was found between Δ and grain yield under optimal irrigation. The relationship between Δ and grain yield was also studied during two consecutive seasons in 20 bread wheat cultivars in the Ningxia region (Northern China), characterized by winter drought (pre‐anthesis water stress). Wheat was grown under rainfed conditions in two locations (Guyuan and Pengyang) and under irrigated conditions in another two (Yinchuan and Huinong). In Huinong, the crop was also exposed to salt stress. Highly significant positive associations were found between leaf and grain Δ and grain yields across the environments. The relationship between Δ and yield within environments highly depended on the quantity of water stored in the soil at sowing, the quantity and distribution of rainfall during the growth cycle, the presence of salt in the soil, and the occurrence of irrigation before anthesis. These two experiments confirmed the value of Δ as an indirect selection criterion for yield and a phenotyping tool under post‐anthesis water stress (including limited irrigation).

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“…For example, Maas and Grieve (1990) and Grieve et al (1994) reported that salt stress (140 mol m -3 NaCl) accelerated development of the wheat shoot apex on the main stem by as much as 18 d and decreased the time to initiation of reproductive structures. They, along with others (e.g., sweet clover [Romero and Maranon 1994a]), also reported a shorter time to flowering.…”

Section: Whole-plant Response To Saltmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological responses of plants to salinity: A review

Volkmar¹,

Hu²,

Steppuhn³

1998

Can. J. Plant Sci.

292

162

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, H. 1998. Physiological responses of plants to salinity: A review. Can. J. Plant Sci. 78: 19-27. Root-zone salinization presents a challenge to plant productivity that is effectively countered by salt-tolerant halophytic plants, but unfortunately, much less successfully by major crop plants. The way in which salt affects plant metabolism is reviewed. Cellular events triggered by salinity, namely salt compartmentation, osmotic adjustment and cell wall hardening are connected to the whole plant responses, namely leaf necrosis, altered phenology and ultimately plant death. The roles of ion exclusion and K/Na discrimination in mediating crop response to salt appear to be central to the tolerance response, but they are by no means essential. The processes involved in regulating ion uptake at the membrane level are considered. Recent work elucidating the interaction between calcium and salinity tolerance is reviewed.Key words: Cell growth, cell turgor, ion regulation, K + /Na + discrimination, osmotic adjustment, salt tolerance Volkmar, K. M., Hu, Y. et Steppuhn, H. 1998. Réponse physiologique des plantes à la salinité: Mise au point bibliographique. Can. J. Plant Sci. 78: 19-27. La salinisation de la rhizosphère est un obstacle à la productivité végétale, qui est exploité avec succès par les plantes halophytes (tolérantes au sel), mais qui est beaucoup plus difficile à surmonter pour les principales espèces cultivées. Les auteurs présentent une mise au point bibliographique des effets des sels sur le métabolisme végétal. Les phénomèmes cellulaires déclenchés par la salinité, notamment la compartimentation des sels, les adaptations osmotiques, le durcissement des parois cellulaires sont reliés aux réactions de la plante, nécrose foliaire, perturbation phénologique et finalement la mort. L'exclusion et la discrimination K/Na dans la médiation des réponses de la plante semblent être au centre des réactions de tolérance, encore qu'elles ne soient en aucun point essentielles. Les auteurs analysent les mécanismes impliqués dans la régulation de l'absorption ionique au niveau membranaire. Ils passent également en revue les travaux récents éclairant l'interaction entre le calcium et la tolérance à la salinité. Mots clés:Croissance cellulaire, turgesgence de la cellule, régulation ionique, discrimination K + /Na + , adaptation osmotique, tolérance au sel A generalized model of plant response to salt stress will be described, relating the whole-plant manifestations of root-zone salinity to initial responses to soil salinity at the cellular level. PRINCIPLESThere is a continuous spectrum of plant tolerance to saline rooting media, ranging from very sensitive glycophytes showing the effects of salt at concentrations of less than 1/10 sea water (50 mol m -3 ), to halophytes, that complete their life cycles at 500 mol m -3 (Flowers et al. 1986; Ungar 1991). The halophyte, Suaeda maritima, for example, exhibits a growth optimum of around 200 mol m -3 and is able to tolerate root zone salinity levels up to 1000 mol m -3 (Clipson et...

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Salinity Affects the Timing of Phasic Development in Spring Wheat

Cited by 43 publications

References 25 publications

Effects of salinization on nutrient transport to lettuce leaves: consideration of leaf developmental stage

Effects of salinization on nutrient transport to lettuce leaves: consideration of leaf developmental stage

Relationship between Carbon Isotope Discrimination and Grain Yield in Spring Wheat Cultivated under Different Water Regimes

Physiological responses of plants to salinity: A review

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