Saliency and context play a role in infants’ texture segmentation

Sireteanu, Ruxandra; Encke, Irmgard; Bachert, Iris

doi:10.1016/j.visres.2005.02.003

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 39 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…These neurons are considered to play a key role in processing local information necessary for detecting and/or discriminating texture-defined form patterns, and infant monkeys are capable of discriminating texture-defined visual borders as early as 6 weeks of age (El-Shamayleh et al, 2010). Similar observations were made in human infants; infants can detect texture-defined patterns as early as 3–5 months of age (roughly equivalent to 3–5 weeks of age in monkeys)(Sireteanu et al, 2005; Norcia et al, 2005). The results in this study parallel these psychophysical observations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Receptive-Field Subfields of V2 Neurons in Macaque Monkeys Are Adult-Like Near Birth

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Infant primates can discriminate texture-defined form despite their relatively low visual acuity. The neuronal mechanisms underlying this remarkable visual capacity of infants have not been studied in nonhuman primates. Since many V2 neurons in adult monkeys can extract the local features in complex stimuli that are required for form vision, we used two-dimensional dynamic noise stimuli and local spectral reverse correlation (LSRC) to measure whether the spatial map of receptive-field subfields in individual V2 neurons is sufficiently mature near birth to capture local features. As in adults, most V2 neurons in 4-week-old monkeys showed a relatively high degree of homogeneity in the spatial matrix of facilitatory subfields. However, about 25% of V2 neurons had the subfield map where the neighboring facilitatory subfields substantially differed in their preferred orientations and spatial frequencies. Over 80% of V2 neurons in both infants and adults had ‘tuned’ suppressive profiles in their subfield maps that could alter the tuning properties of facilitatory profiles. The differences in the preferred orientations between facilitatory and suppressive profiles were relatively large but extended over a broad range. Response immaturities in infants were mild; the overall strength of facilitatory subfield responses was lower than that in adults and the optimal correlation delay (‘latency’) was longer in 4-week-old infants. These results suggest that as early as 4 weeks of age, the spatial receptive-field structure of V2 neurons is as complex as in adults and the ability of V2 neurons to compare local features of neighboring stimulus elements is nearly adult like.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Infant macaque monkeys can discriminate texture- or contrast-defined form as early as 6–8 weeks of age (El- Shamayleh et al, 2010). Human infants also perform well in similar visual tasks near birth (Sireteanu et al; 2005; Norcia et al, 2005; but see Hou et al, 2003). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Receptive-Field Subfields of V2 Neurons in Macaque Monkeys Are Adult-Like Near Birth

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Studies of development of texture sensitivity in human infants suggest that visually evoked potentials and visual preference for texture boundaries and organization can be detected as early as 3–4 months (Arcand et al, 2007; Atkinson & Braddick, 1992; Lewis et al, 2007; Norcia et al, 2005; Rieth & Sireteanu, 1994; Sireteanu & Rieth, 1992; Sireteanu et al, 2005). However, depending on the actual stimulus configuration, significant preferences are sometimes not shown until much later in childhood, and performance continues to improve into the teenage years (Rieth & Sireteanu, 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using visual preference testing, infants as young as 3 months have been shown to detect texture patches defined by differences in the orientation of line elements, element size, or contrast embedded in larger homogeneous displays (Atkinson & Braddick, 1992; Rieth & Sireteanu, 1994). Preference for these displays increases gradually over the course of infancy and childhood and depends to some degree on stimulus configuration, context, and element density (Sireteanu & Rieth, 1992; Sireteanu, Encke, & Bachert, 2005). Lewis, Kingdon, Ellemberg, and Maurer (2007) tested the ability of 5-year-old children to discriminate the orientation of contrast-modulated second-order gratings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of sensitivity to visual texture modulation in macaque monkeys

2010

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In human and non-human primates, higher form vision matures substantially later than spatial acuity and contrast sensitivity, as revealed by performance on such tasks as figure-ground segregation and contour integration. Our goal was to understand whether delayed maturation on these tasks was intrinsically form-dependent or, rather, related to the nature of spatial integration necessary for extracting task-relevant cues. We used an intermediate-level form task that did not call for extensive spatial integration. We trained monkeys (6–201 weeks) to discriminate the orientation of pattern modulation in a two-alternative forced choice paradigm. We presented two families of form patterns, defined by texture or contrast variations, and luminance-defined patterns for comparison. Infant monkeys could discriminate texture- and contrast-defined form as early as 6 weeks; sensitivity improved up to 40 weeks. Surprisingly, sensitivity for texture- and contrast-defined form matured earlier than for luminance-defined form. These results suggest that intermediate-level form vision develops in concert with basic spatial vision rather than following sequentially. Comparison with earlier results reveals that different aspects of form vision develop over different time courses, with processes that depend on comparing local image content maturing earlier than those requiring “global” linking of multiple visual elements across a larger spatial extent.

show abstract

“…During brain development, the human visual system becomes more sensitive to the salient parts of the visual scene. Infants in the first year of life are sensitive to the most salient part of an image and children between 3 and 4 years and adults detect both the most salient object and the less salient ones ( Sireteanu et al, 2005 ). Early visual regions in the brain such as primary visual cortex ( Zhang et al, 2012 ) are responsible for handling the bottom-up attention mechanism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Visual Processing of Feature Saliency Tasks: A Review of Psychophysical Experiments

Kamkar

Moghaddam

Lashgari

2018

Front. Syst. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The visual system is constantly bombarded with information originating from the outside world, but it is unable to process all the received information at any given time. In fact, the most salient parts of the visual scene are chosen to be processed involuntarily and immediately after the first glance along with endogenous signals in the brain. Vision scientists have shown that the early visual system, from retina to lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and then primary visual cortex, selectively processes the low-level features of the visual scene. Everything we perceive from the visual scene is based on these feature properties and their subsequent combination in higher visual areas. Different experiments have been designed to investigate the impact of these features on saliency and understand the relative visual mechanisms. In this paper, we review the psychophysical experiments which have been published in the last decades to indicate how the low-level salient features are processed in the early visual cortex and extract the most important and basic information of the visual scene. Important and open questions are discussed in this review as well and one might pursue these questions to investigate the impact of higher level features on saliency in complex scenes or natural images.

show abstract

Saliency and context play a role in infants’ texture segmentation

Cited by 7 publications

References 39 publications

Receptive-Field Subfields of V2 Neurons in Macaque Monkeys Are Adult-Like Near Birth

Receptive-Field Subfields of V2 Neurons in Macaque Monkeys Are Adult-Like Near Birth

Development of sensitivity to visual texture modulation in macaque monkeys

Early Visual Processing of Feature Saliency Tasks: A Review of Psychophysical Experiments

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About