Salience network connectivity and social processing in children with nonverbal learning disability or autism spectrum disorder.

Margolis, Amy; Pagliaccio, David; Thomas, Lauren; Banker, Sarah; Marsh, Rachel

doi:10.1037/neu0000494

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Specifically, children with ASD showed increased connectivity from PCC associated with social impairment, in contrast to reduced connectivity detected in children with NVLD. These differences in patterns of functional connectivity and social impairment align with prior findings that social deficits in ASD and NVLD derive from altered patterns of connectivity within different regions of the salience network 31 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…A total of 24 children with NVLD, 31 children with RD, and 20 TD children were included in the final analyses (Table 1). 31,41,42 ( Table 2). Children were included in the NVLD group if they had perceptual deficits, intact reading abilities, and deficits in two of the following domains: fine motor, math calculation, visual executive functioning, or social skills.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analysis was performed in the CONN toolbox v17.f (www.nitrc.org/projects/conn) 56 for SPM 12. Preprocessing followed a previously published pipeline 31 and included realignment, unwarping, centering, slice timing correction, outlier detection, segmentation of cerebral spinal fluid, gray, and white matter, normalization to the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) template, and 8 mm full-width half-maximum smoothing for functional images. Structural images were centered, segmented, and normalized to the MNI template.…”

Section: Neuropsychological and Psychosocial Outcome Measures A Neurmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial Network Connectivity and Spatial Reasoning Ability in Children with Nonverbal Learning Disability

Banker

Ramphal

Pagliaccio

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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(NVLD) is characterized by deficits in visual-spatial, but not verbal, reasoning. nevertheless, the functioning of the neural circuits supporting spatial processing have yet to be assessed in children with nVLD. We compared the resting state functional connectivity of a spatial brain network among children with nVLD, children with reading disorder (RD), and typically developing (TD) children. Seventy-five participants (7-15 years old) were included in the study (20 TD, 24 NVLD, and 31 RD). Group differences in global efficiency and functional connectivity among 12 regions comprising a previously defined spatial network were evaluated. Associations with behavior were explored. Global efficiency of the spatial network associated positively with spatial ability and inversely with socioemotional problems. Within the spatial network, associations between left posterior cingulate (pcc) and right retrosplenial cortical activity were reduced in children with nVLD relative to those without spatial deficits (RD and TD). Connectivity between left PCC and right posterior cerebellum (crus i and ii) was reduced in both groups of children with learning disabilities (nVLD and RD) relative to tD children. functional connectivity of the spatial network was atypically associated with cognitive and socioemotional performance in children with nVLD. identifying a neurobiological substrate for nVLD provides evidence that it is a discrete clinical entity and suggests targets for treatment. Nonverbal Learning Disability (NVLD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in spatial, but not verbal, reasoning. Children with NVLD frequently have accompanying impairments in socioemotional functioning, mathematical skills, executive function, and fine motor control 1-3 that may derive from their core deficit in spatial processing. Understudied is if NVLD is discrete from other neurodevelopmental disorders. For example, the social deficits associated with the disorder are often thought to overlap with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). However, prior findings point to differing social deficits in the two disorders 1,2 that are subserved by distinct circuit alterations 4. A deeper understanding of the neural correlates of NVLD could provide evidence for recognizing NVLD as a discrete clinical entity. Spatial reasoning is a complex cognitive skill that relies on perception, memory, attention, and object recognition 5. The spatial deficit in NVLD encompasses problems in visuospatial awareness (e.g., awareness of own body in space), visuospatial construction (e.g., copying visually presented materials), visuospatial memory (e.g., remembering patterns and designs), spatial estimation (e.g., judging distance), three-dimensional thinking (e.g., imagining how things will look when rotated), interpreting information presented pictorially (e.g., reading maps) or visuospatial attention (e.g., visual scanning) 6-10. Spatial function is also known to associate with social function 11,12 , suggesting that the social impairment observed in NVLD ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Neuropsychological and Psychosocial Outcome Measures A Neurmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial Network Connectivity and Spatial Reasoning Ability in Children with Nonverbal Learning Disability

Banker

Ramphal

Pagliaccio

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Identification of NVLD was established in accord with recent reviews of the definition 11,12 and definitions used in prior empirical studies (Table 1). [13][14][15]24 Children were included in the NVLD group following a 3-step process.…”

Section: Measures Used To Identify Nvld In Each Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

Estimated Prevalence of Nonverbal Learning Disability Among North American Children and Adolescents

Margolis

Broitman²,

Davis

et al. 2020

JAMA Netw Open

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IMPORTANCE Nonverbal learning disability (NVLD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in visual-spatial processing but not in reading or verbal ability; in addition, problems in math calculation, visual executive functioning, fine-motor skills, and social skills are often present. To our knowledge, there are no population-based estimates of the prevalence of NVLD in community samples. OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of the NVLD cognitive profile in 3 independent samples of children and adolescents from studies centered around brain imaging in the US and Canada. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cross-sectional study used data from 2 samples recruited from the community and overselected for children with psychiatric disorders (Healthy

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“…For example, in comparison to typically developing age-matched controls, autistic children are observed to have significantly weaker connectivity between the amygdala and several brain regions, including bilateral medial prefrontal cortex, temporal lobes, and striatum, which are involved in social communication and repetitive behaviours (Shen et al, 2016). Similarly, disruptions in the connectivity of the salience network and frontal cortex of children diagnosed with autism have also been reported (Hoffmann et al, 2016;Margolis et al, 2019). Such disruptions could affect the typical rhythms of sensory and social connectivity, resulting in a cascade of confusing perceptual experiences that affect the finelytuned 'choreography' of social interaction (Amos, 2013).…”

Section: Timing and Rhythmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dancing Out for a Voice; a Narrative Review of the Literature Exploring Autism, Physical Activity and Dance.

Morris¹,

Hope²,

Foulsham³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are characterised by profound deficits in social communication and social interaction, and repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests, or activities. Currently, few therapeutic interventions successfully target some of the unwanted symptoms associated with autism; such as limited communication. New research suggests that instead of combating all symptoms associated with ASD, scientific research should focus on providing therapeutic tools that target specific symptoms. Owing to the nature of physical activity, sports and dance (coordinate movement), these activities could provide opportunities to enhance communication skills and social development in children diagnosed with ASD. Therefore, this paper narratively reviews the literature surrounding communication and coordinated movement; delineating what is meant by communication deficits and exploring the benefits of coordinated movement for symptoms associated with ASD. Additionally, we investigate how various physical activities, with a strong focus on dance, can be used as a platform to enhance communication.

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Salience network connectivity and social processing in children with nonverbal learning disability or autism spectrum disorder.

Cited by 22 publications

References 50 publications

Spatial Network Connectivity and Spatial Reasoning Ability in Children with Nonverbal Learning Disability

Spatial Network Connectivity and Spatial Reasoning Ability in Children with Nonverbal Learning Disability

Estimated Prevalence of Nonverbal Learning Disability Among North American Children and Adolescents

Dancing Out for a Voice; a Narrative Review of the Literature Exploring Autism, Physical Activity and Dance.

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