Salicylic Acid Targets Protein Phosphatase 2A to Attenuate Growth in Plants

Tan, Shutang; Abas, Melinda; Verstraeten, Inge; Glanc, Matouš; Molnár, Gergely; Hajný, Jakub; Lasák, Pavel; Petřík, Ivan; Russinova, Eugenia; Petrášek, Jan; Novák, Ondřej; Pospíšil, Jiří; Friml, Jiřı́

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2019.11.058

Cited by 84 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Recently, SA-induced attenuation of root growth in Arabidopsis was attributed to SA binding to A subunits of protein phosphatase 2 (PP2A) and the inhibition of its activity acting on PIN auxin efflux carriers. Such an effect of SA is well preserved in npr1 plants [ 14 ]. Second, even within the NPR1-dependent pathway, SA binding to NPR1 does not explain it all.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciphering the Binding of Salicylic Acid to Arabidopsis thaliana Chloroplastic GAPDH-A1

Pokotylo

Hellal

Bouceba

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Salicylic acid (SA) has an essential role in the responses of plants to pathogens. SA initiates defence signalling via binding to proteins. NPR1 is a transcriptional co-activator and a key target of SA binding. Many other proteins have recently been shown to bind SA. Amongst these proteins are important enzymes of primary metabolism. This fact could stand behind SA’s ability to control energy fluxes in stressed plants. Nevertheless, only sparse information exists on the role and mechanisms of such binding. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was previously demonstrated to bind SA both in human and plants. Here, we detail that the A1 isomer of chloroplastic glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPA1) from Arabidopsis thaliana binds SA with a KD of 16.7 nM, as shown in surface plasmon resonance experiments. Besides, we show that SA inhibits its GAPDH activity in vitro. To gain some insight into the underlying molecular interactions and binding mechanism, we combined in silico molecular docking experiments and molecular dynamics simulations on the free protein and protein–ligand complex. The molecular docking analysis yielded to the identification of two putative binding pockets for SA. A simulation in water of the complex between SA and the protein allowed us to determine that only one pocket—a surface cavity around Asn35—would efficiently bind SA in the presence of solvent. In silico mutagenesis and simulations of the ligand/protein complexes pointed to the importance of Asn35 and Arg81 in the binding of SA to GAPA1. The importance of this is further supported through experimental biochemical assays. Indeed, mutating GAPA1 Asn35 into Gly or Arg81 into Leu strongly diminished the ability of the enzyme to bind SA. The very same cavity is responsible for the NADP+ binding to GAPA1. More precisely, modelling suggests that SA binds to the very site where the pyrimidine group of the cofactor fits. NADH inhibited in a dose-response manner the binding of SA to GAPA1, validating our data.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciphering the Binding of Salicylic Acid to Arabidopsis thaliana Chloroplastic GAPDH-A1

Pokotylo

Hellal

Bouceba

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…A mechanistic mapping of dynamic environmental inputs into precise outputs is a key to understand design principles underlying phenotype patterns in biology. In plants, phytohormones auxin and SA play pivotal roles in the regulation of growth and immunity, offering plant resilience to different types of environment [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. The absence of direct orthogonal biosensor 20 systems for these and many other hormones hinders the mechanistic understanding of inputoutput relations [10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among all living matter, plants show remarkable potential for adaption to the environment by maintaining a tight balance between growth and immune responses [1,2]. Phytohormones auxin and salicylic acid (SA) carry information about environmental changes and pass it to complex regulatory networks that tailor plant body architecture [3][4][5][6][7][8]. This ability to respond to 5 phytohormones was a key innovation in the evolution of plants preceding terrestrial colonization [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust frequency-encoded dynamics in a minimal synthetic phytohormone crosstalk

Garcia

Navarrete

Sanchis

et al. 2020

Preprint

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SummaryHow do dynamic hormone inputs translate into speed, and precision of response is one of the most challenging questions of science. To approach this question, we constructed minimal synthetic gene circuits capable of responding to plant hormones auxin and salicylic acid (SA). These circuits integrate bacterial multi antibiotic resistance (Mar) repressors that directly detect phytohormones through a ligand-induced conformational switch. The combination of individual circuits in synthetic auxin-SA crosstalk was sufficient to coordinate responses across the cell population with tunable precision and speed in long-term microfluidics experiments. This antagonistic auxin-SA crosstalk retains temporal memory upon extended exposure to hormones and synchronizes the behavior of individual cells with the environmental clock. Our study shows how dynamic hormone inputs can be translated in robust and precise responses with a minimal assembly of bacterial transcriptional repressors, suggesting an alternative regulatory strategy to known plant hormone signaling systems.

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“…New evidence shows that this hormone can affect root meristem patterning via auxin distribution is a concentration dependent process (Pasternak et al, 2019). Also, SA can target protein phosphatase 2A to attenuate growth in plants (Tan et al, 2020), providing new potential signal component related in root tropisms.…”

Section: Other Compounds With Potential Functions In Root Halotropismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Halotropism: Phytohormonal Aspects and Potential Applications

Szepesi

2020

Front. Plant Sci.

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Halotropism is a sodium specific tropic movement of roots in order to obtain the optimal salt concentration for proper growth and development. Numerous results suggest that halotropic events are under the control and regulation of complex plant hormone pathway. This minireview collects some recent evidences about sodium sensing during halotropism and the hormonal regulation of halotropic responses in glycophytes. The precise hormonal mechanisms by which halophytes plant roots perceive salt stress and translate this perception into adaptive, directional growth forward increased salt concentrations are not well understood. This minireview aims to gather recently deciphered information about halotropism focusing potential hormonal aspects both in glycophytes and halophytes. Advances in our understanding of halotropic responses in different plant species could help these plants to be used for sustainable agriculture and other future applications.

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Salicylic Acid Targets Protein Phosphatase 2A to Attenuate Growth in Plants

Cited by 84 publications

References 79 publications

Deciphering the Binding of Salicylic Acid to Arabidopsis thaliana Chloroplastic GAPDH-A1

Deciphering the Binding of Salicylic Acid to Arabidopsis thaliana Chloroplastic GAPDH-A1

Robust frequency-encoded dynamics in a minimal synthetic phytohormone crosstalk

Halotropism: Phytohormonal Aspects and Potential Applications

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