Salicylic Acid: Synthetic Strategies and Their Biological Activities

Abstract

Phenolic acids are the phytochemicals formthe key part of the organic chemistry and are widely found in the plants, plant foods and human metabolites possessing a wide range of biological activities like anti‐oxidant, anti‐bacterial, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐carcinogenic activities. Owing to their pharmaceutical activities, they are known for their different roles in prevention of various diseases in plants and as well as humans. Although a number of biologically active compounds are known in literature but unfortunately due to their cost, non‐availability and toxicity, there is an urgent need to develop such bioactive agents which can overcome all the shortcomings of reported agents. Salicylic acid is one of the hydroxybenzoic acid that is well known for possessing antimicrobial, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐cancer,anti‐tumor, anti‐proliferative, anti‐viral and analgesic properties. This review mainly outlines the synthesis and biological activities of various salicylic acid derivatives which provides guidance to the researchers working in this field for improving their activity by modification of already reported drugs.

Therapeutic Copolymer from Salicylic Acid and l-Phenylalanine as a Nanosized Drug Carrier for Orthotopic Breast Cancer with Lung Metastasis

“…Then, the red and green fluorescences separated, indicating that the NPs could be effectively delivered into the cytoplasm against lysosomal degradation and elimination. It can be hypothesized that the PSP carrier materials, as salicylic acid derivatives, could still exert some own biological activities of salicylic acid, such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, and made certain impacts on disturbing the homeostasis of intracellular endosomes, especially in terms of damaging the potential and integrity of the endosomal membrane, which might result in the endosomal lysis. − The endosomal dysfunction subsequently led to the translocation of NPs into the cytoplasm. , Some underlying specific mechanism is still unclear; thus, more additional studies need to be continued.…”

Anti-Cholinergic Effects of the Phenolic Extract from the Astragalus crenatus Plant: A Computational and Network Pharmacology Study

“…Among the isomers of hydroxybenzoic acid, salicylic acid, also known as 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, is present in this extract as well [ 15 ]. It ranks as the fourth most abundant compound in the phenolic acid group in terms of concentration.…”

“…In addition, salicylic acid is a common component in numerous dermatology products, often combined with other active ingredients. Notably, it is used to treat conditions such as acne, warts, and hyperhidrosis [ 15 ]. Protocatechuic acid (PCA) was also identified in the same extract.…”

“…PCA contains hydroxy groups positioned at positions 3 and 4 on the benzene ring. This compound serves as a human xenobiotic metabolite and a plant metabolite, and it acts as an antineoplastic agent [ 15 ]. PCA is a significant metabolite of antioxidant polyphenols commonly found in green tea.…”

Synthesis, characterization, anti-microbial activity studies of salicylic acid and 2-aminopyridine derivatives salts and their Cu(II) complexes

“…Many studies are carried out with salicylic acid (H 2 salic) and its derivatives with electron-donating oxygen atoms (-COOH and OH) and its protonated forms (Hsalicand salic 2-). Salicylic acid are one of the well-known hydroxybenzoic acids that have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-tumor, anti-proliferative, antiviral and analgesic properties [2]. Salicylic acid can bind to metal ion from both carboxylic and hydroxyl group in various modes such as monodentate, bidentate, tridentate, pentadentate and bridging [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10].…”