Salicylic Acid Regulates Plasmodesmata Closure during Innate Immune Responses in Arabidopsis

Wang, Xu; Sager, Ross; Cui, Weier; Zhang, Chong; Lu, Hua; Lee, Jinkee

doi:10.1105/tpc.113.110676

Cited by 166 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…If this is indeed true, then significant modifications to companion cell plasmodesmatal pore size are likely required to facilitate increased protein loading into the phloem. This idea is consistent with current hypotheses linking plasmodesmata to local and systemic immunity (Lee et al, 2011;Faulkner et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2013;Carella et al, 2015), although the impact of biotic stress on plasmodesmatal permeability in the phloem has yet to be studied. Alternatively, increased protein levels in SAR-induced phloem exudates may result from contamination caused by the deterioration of plant tissues that occurs during infection with pathogens.…”

Section: The Sar-induced Phloem Proteomesupporting

confidence: 89%

Comparative Proteomics Analysis of Arabidopsis Phloem Exudates Collected During the Induction of Systemic Acquired Resistance

et al. 2016

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ORCID IDs: 0000-0002-5467-7290 (P.C.); 0000-0002-3422-4083 (J.M.-P.).Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a plant defense response that provides long-lasting, broad-spectrum pathogen resistance to uninfected systemic leaves following an initial localized infection. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), local infection with virulent or avirulent strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato generates long-distance SAR signals that travel from locally infected to distant leaves through the phloem to establish SAR. In this study, a proteomics approach was used to identify proteins that accumulate in phloem exudates in response to the induction of SAR. To accomplish this, phloem exudates collected from mock-inoculated or SAR-induced leaves of wild-type Columbia-0 plants were subjected to label-free quantitative liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry proteomics. Comparing mock-and SAR-induced phloem exudate proteomes, 16 proteins were enriched in phloem exudates collected from SAR-induced plants, while 46 proteins were suppressed. SAR-related proteins THIOREDOXIN h3, ACYL-COENZYME A-BINDING PROTEIN6, and PATHOGENESIS-RELATED1 were enriched in phloem exudates of SAR-induced plants, demonstrating the strength of this approach and suggesting a role for these proteins in the phloem during SAR. To identify novel components of SAR, transfer DNA mutants of differentially abundant phloem proteins were assayed for SAR competence. This analysis identified a number of new proteins (m-type thioredoxins, major latex protein-like protein, ULTRAVIOLET-B RESISTANCE8 photoreceptor) that contribute to the SAR response. The Arabidopsis SAR phloem proteome is a valuable resource for understanding SAR long-distance signaling and the dynamic nature of the phloem during plant-pathogen interactions.

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Section: The Sar-induced Phloem Proteomesupporting

confidence: 89%

Comparative Proteomics Analysis of Arabidopsis Phloem Exudates Collected During the Induction of Systemic Acquired Resistance

et al. 2016

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“…Several studies have demonstrated that changes in PD size-exclusion limit and vascular movement can be monitored using 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate (CFDA), a membrane-permeable nonfluorescent dye that upon cell entry is cleaved by esterases to produce 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein (CF), a non-membrane-permeable fluorescent dye (39)(40)(41). In these experiments we compared CF mobility in 9-wk-old nontransformed control and pIAA26::IAA26-P108H-GFP plants.…”

Section: Stabilization Of Iaa26 Expressed From Its Native Phloem Prommentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco mosaic virus-directed reprogramming of auxin/indole acetic acid protein transcriptional responses enhances virus phloem loading

Collum

Padmanabhan

Hsieh

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Vascular phloem loading has long been recognized as an essential step in the establishment of a systemic virus infection. In this study, an interaction between the replication protein of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and phloem-specific auxin/indole acetic acid (Aux/IAA) transcriptional regulators was found to modulate virus phloem loading in an age-dependent manner. Promoter expression studies show that in mature tissues TMV 126/183-kDa-interacting Aux/IAAs predominantly express and accumulate within the nuclei of phloem companion cells (CCs). Furthermore, CC Aux/IAA nuclear localization is disrupted upon infection with an interacting virus. In situ analysis of virus spread shows that the inability to disrupt Aux/IAA CC nuclear localization correlates with a reduced ability to load into the vascular tissue. Subsequent systemic movement assays also demonstrate that a virus capable of disrupting Aux/IAA localization is significantly more competitive at moving out of older plant tissues than a noninteracting virus. Similarly, CC expression and overaccumulation of a degradation-resistant Aux/IAA-interacting protein was found to inhibit TMV accumulation and phloem loading selectively in flowering plants. Transcriptional expression studies demonstrate a role for Aux/IAAinteracting proteins in the regulation of salicylic and jasmonic acid host defense responses as well as virus-specific movement factors, including pectin methylesterase, that are involved in regulating plasmodesmata size-exclusion limits and promoting virus cell-to-cell movement. Combined, these findings indicate that TMV directs the reprogramming of auxin-regulated gene expression within the vascular phloem of mature tissues as a means to enhance phloem loading and systemic spread.pathogen defense | plant hormone signaling | virus movement | plasmodesmata gating | age-related resistance

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“…PD span the thick cell wall of virtually all plant cells, establishing both cytoplasmic and membrane continuity throughout the entire plant body. In recent years, PD have emerged as key elements of the cell-to-cell communication machinery and, as such, have been implicated in processes guaranteeing the collaborative functioning of the cells, the cooperative responses to exogenous and endogenous stimuli, and controlled developmental events (Chitwood and Timmermans, 2010;Dunoyer et al, 2010;Vatén et al, 2011;Xu et al, 2011Xu et al, , 2012Burch-Smith and Zambryski, 2012;Furuta et al, 2012;Koizumi et al, 2012;Maule et al, 2012;Wu and Gallagher, 2012;Faulkner et al, 2013;Stahl et al, 2013;Tilsner et al, 2013;Wang et al, 2013;Han et al, 2014;Vaddepalli et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific Membrane Lipid Composition Is Important for Plasmodesmata Function in Arabidopsis

et al. 2015

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Plasmodesmata (PD) are nano-sized membrane-lined channels controlling intercellular communication in plants. Although progress has been made in identifying PD proteins, the role played by major membrane constituents, such as the lipids, in defining specialized membrane domains in PD remains unknown. Through a rigorous isolation of "native" PD membrane fractions and comparative mass spectrometry-based analysis, we demonstrate that lipids are laterally segregated along the plasma membrane (PM) at the PD cell-to-cell junction in Arabidopsis thaliana. Remarkably, our results show that PD membranes display enrichment in sterols and sphingolipids with very long chain saturated fatty acids when compared with the bulk of the PM. Intriguingly, this lipid profile is reminiscent of detergent-insoluble membrane microdomains, although our approach is valuably detergent-free. Modulation of the overall sterol composition of young dividing cells reversibly impaired the PD localization of the glycosylphosphatidylinositolanchored proteins Plasmodesmata Callose Binding 1 and the b-1,3-glucanase PdBG2 and altered callose-mediated PD permeability. Altogether, this study not only provides a comprehensive analysis of the lipid constituents of PD but also identifies a role for sterols in modulating cell-to-cell connectivity, possibly by establishing and maintaining the positional specificity of callosemodifying glycosylphosphatidylinositol proteins at PD. Our work emphasizes the importance of lipids in defining PD membranes.

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Salicylic Acid Regulates Plasmodesmata Closure during Innate Immune Responses in Arabidopsis

Cited by 166 publications

References 90 publications

Comparative Proteomics Analysis of Arabidopsis Phloem Exudates Collected During the Induction of Systemic Acquired Resistance

Comparative Proteomics Analysis of Arabidopsis Phloem Exudates Collected During the Induction of Systemic Acquired Resistance

Tobacco mosaic virus-directed reprogramming of auxin/indole acetic acid protein transcriptional responses enhances virus phloem loading

Specific Membrane Lipid Composition Is Important for Plasmodesmata Function in Arabidopsis

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