Salicylic acid is involved in resistance responses in the Russian wheat aphid-wheat interaction

Mohase, Lintle; Westhuizen, A.J. van der

doi:10.1078/0176-1617-0633

Cited by 99 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…For example, aphids cause more rapid increases in SA levels and/or PR gene RNAs in resistant than in susceptible plants (Forslund et al, 2000;Mohase and van der Westhuizen, 2002;Martinez de Ilarduya et al, 2003). In addition, Mi-1.2-mediated resistance to aphids is dependent on HSP90, SGT1, and SA (Bhattarai et al, 2007a).…”

Section: Colonization Strategy 3: Even When Your Host Recognizes Youmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avoiding Effective Defenses: Strategies Employed by Phloem-Feeding Insects

2008

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Phytophages breach the integrity of plant tissues to recover nutrients from foliage, seeds, pollen, nectar, roots, or shoots. While many herbivores cause extensive damage, phloem-feeding insects, such as aphids and whiteflies, cause modest to barely perceptible damage, respectively. Phloem-feeding insects provide additional challenges to plants as they deplete photosynthates, vector viruses, and introduce chemical and/ or protein effectors that alter plant defense signaling, infestation symptoms, and plant development (Kaloshian and Walling, 2005). When these attributes are combined with broad host ranges, breeding strategies that promote invasiveness, highly evolved feeding strategies, the ability to adapt to a wide range of plant habitats, and the emergence of insecticide-resistant strains, it is not surprising that phloem-feeding insects cause heavy losses in agriculture and horticulture (Goggin, 2007).With the tools of cell and molecular biology, genetics, genomics, electrophysiology, and biochemistry, investigators are providing novel insights into the complexity and dynamics of plant-herbivore interactions. Many of the reviews in this issue describe the initial events in perception, as well as the defense signals and biochemical reprogramming that influence direct (antibiotic and antixenotic) and indirect (interactions with natural enemies) defenses to tissue-damaging herbivores. This review will highlight intricacies of plant-/phloemfeeding insect interactions, with a primary focus on whiteflies and comparisons to aphids.Although whiteflies and aphids are members of the Hemipteran suborder Sternorrhyncha, their life cycles, endosymbiont populations, and feeding activities are distinct (Baumann, 2005;Kaloshian and Walling, 2005). These insects use highly modified mouthparts (stylets) to navigate the cuticle, epidermis, and mesophyll and establish feeding sites in phloem sieve elements (SEs).Aphid adults and nymphs are mobile and utilize several feeding sites during their lifetime. In contrast, once the whitefly nymph establishes a feeding site on a minor vein of the phloem, nymphs (first-fourth instars) feed at this site almost continuously for 21 to 30 d (Fig. 1). The immobility of nymphs, longer life cycle, and prolonged nymph feeding are features that distinguish the whitefly-plant and aphid-plant interactions.Aphids and whiteflies take advantage of their adept feeding strategies and avoid or deter many plant defenses. These insects disguise themselves and deceive their hosts and natural enemies by using their stylets to deliver salivary chemicals and/or proteins into the plant to influence wound healing, defense-signaling pathways, and volatile emissions. Similar deceptive strategies are routinely employed by phytopathogenic microbes to avoid recognition and combat plant defenses (da Cunha et al., 2007). Pathogens introduce effectors into plant cells manipulating many biochemical and cellular processes to enhance phytopathogen success on host plants. In plant-biotroph interactions, effectors influence ...

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Section: Colonization Strategy 3: Even When Your Host Recognizes Youmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avoiding Effective Defenses: Strategies Employed by Phloem-Feeding Insects

2008

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“…Not only was successful research conducted to enable effective control of this pest in farmers' fields, the susceptible and resistant near isogenic lines Tugela (PI 634771) and Tugela-Dn (PI 591932) have been used extensively in many studies to elucidate the physiological and biochemical basis of insect resistance and plant defence (Van der Westhuizen & Botha, 1993;Van der Westhuizen & Pretorius, 1995;Van der Westhuizen & Pretorius, 1996;Van der Westhuizen et al, 1998a,b;Botha et al, 1998;Van der Westhuizen et al, 2002;Mohase & van der Westhuizen, 2002;Bahlmann, et al, 2003;Wang et al, 2004a,b). Similarly other resistant lines developed in South Africa have been studied by Botha et al (2006) and Saheed et al (2007).…”

Section: Russian Wheat Aphidmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of the context and scope of wheat (Triticum aestivum) research in South Africa from 1983 to 2008

Smit¹,

Tolmay²,

Barnard³

et al. 2010

South African Journal of Plant and Soil

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The domestic requirement for wheat in South Africa is approximately 2.8 million tons and annually the shortfall on local production is imported to meet the demand. During the past 25 years two distinct wheat marketing mechanisms characterised the wheat industry, impacting significantly on both research and industry. In 1996 the single channel marketing system through the Wheat Board made way for a liberal marketing environment in which market forces of supply and demand determine price. This refocused most research activities on factors to lower input costs and risks, while increasing the profitability of wheat production. Significant challenges were experienced with much stricter milling and baking quality requirements impacting on not only the development of adapted wheat cultivars for South African conditions, but also on fertiliser and cultivar recommendations, as well as production practices. Minimum tillage, preharvest sprouting, as well as the threat of Russian wheat aphid and stripe rust were some of the pertinent challenges faced during this time. Significant scientific breakthroughs of international importance were made with regard to the physiological and biochemical nature of insect resistance and plant defence as well as the transfer of resistance genes from alien species. This review provides an overview of the most pertinent wheat research undertaken from 1983 to 2008.

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“…SA is also considered an important signaling molecule in plants in response to various pathogenic attacks (Alvarez, 2000), and in resistance to herbivores (Walling, 2000;Cooper et al, 2004). For example, SA induction in aphid-resistant wheat (Triticum aestivum) may be involved in resistance against the Russian wheat aphid (Diuraphis noxia) (Mohase and van der Westhuizen, 2002), and in a wide range of defensive responses in Arabidopsis thaliana against the cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (Kusnierczyk et al, 2008). ROS generation is the immediate response of plants to elicit the production of SA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salicylic acid-induced changes in physiological parameters and genes of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway in Artemisia vulgaris and Dendranthema nankingense during aphid feeding

Sun¹,

Xia²,

Jiang³

et al. 2016

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. Phloem-feeding aphids cause serious damage to plants. The mechanisms of plant-aphid interactions are only partially understood and involve multiple pathways, including phytohormones. In order to investigate whether salicylic acid (SA) is involved and how it plays a part in the defense response to the aphid Macrosiphoniella sanbourni, physiological changes and gene expression profiles in response to aphid inoculation with or without SA pretreatment were compared between the aphid-resistant Artemisia vulgaris 'Variegata' and the susceptible chrysanthemum, Dendranthema nankingense. Changes in levels of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde (MDA), and flavonoids, and in the expression of genes involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, including PAL (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase), CHS (chalcone synthase), CHI (chalcone isomerase), F3H (flavanone 3-hydroxylase), F3'H (flavanone 3'-hydroxylase), and DFR (dihydroflavonol reductase), were investigated. Levels of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anions, MDA, and flavonoids, and their related gene expression, increased after aphid infestation and SA pretreatment followed by aphid infestation; the aphid-resistant A. vulgaris exhibited a more rapid response than the aphid-susceptible D. nankingense to SA treatment and aphid infestation. Taken together, our results suggest that SA could be used to increase aphid resistance in the chrysanthemum.

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Salicylic acid is involved in resistance responses in the Russian wheat aphid-wheat interaction

Cited by 99 publications

References 43 publications

Avoiding Effective Defenses: Strategies Employed by Phloem-Feeding Insects

Avoiding Effective Defenses: Strategies Employed by Phloem-Feeding Insects

An overview of the context and scope of wheat (Triticum aestivum) research in South Africa from 1983 to 2008

Salicylic acid-induced changes in physiological parameters and genes of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway in Artemisia vulgaris and Dendranthema nankingense during aphid feeding

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