Salicylic acid-induced glutathione status in tomato crop and resistance to root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood

Abstract

Salicylic acid-(SA) is a plant defense stimulator. Exogenous application of SA might influence the status of glutathione-(GSH). GSH activates and SA alters the expression of defense genes to modulate plant resistance against pathogens. The fate of GSH in a crop following SA treatment is largely unknown. The SA-induced profiles of free reduced-, free oxidized-(GSSG) and protein bound-(PSSG) glutathione in tomato crop following foliar treatment of transplant at 5.0-10.0 μg mL -1 were measured by liquid chromatography. Resistance to root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita damaging tomato and crop performance were also evaluated. SA treatment at 5.0-10.0 μg mL -1 to tomato transplants increased GSH, GSSG and PSSG in plant leaf and root, more so in leaf, during crop growth and development. As the fruits ripened, GSH and PSSG increased and GSSG declined. SA reduced the root infection by M. incognita, nematode reproduction and thus, improved the resistance of tomato var. Pusa Ruby, but reduced crop growth and redox status. SA at 5.0 μg mL -1 improved yield and fruit quality. The study firstly linked SA with activation of glutathione metabolism and provided an additional dimension to the mechanism of induced resistance against obligate nematode pathogen. SA increased glutathione status in tomato crop, imparted resistance against M. incognita, augmented crop yield and functional food quality. SA can be applied at 5.0 μg mL -1 for metabolic engineering of tomato at transplanting to combine host-plant resistance and health benefits in formulating a strategic nematode management decision.

Altered metabolomic profile of selected metabolites and improved resistance of Cicer arietinum (L.) against Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood following seed soaking with salicylic acid, benzothiadiazole or nicotinic acid

“…Maximum reduction in root infection and soil population was observed in BTH followed by SA and NA treatments. The results on reduction of root infection by M. incognita and nematode reproduction parallel those reported recently by Nandi et al (2003), Molinari and Baser (2010) and Meher et al (2011).…”

“…The samples were processed and analyzed as per the reported protocol for GSH and GSSG (Meher et al 2011); and for SA, ASA, JA, and CGA (Meher et al 2012). In brief, the samples were immediately extracted in 20 mL mixture of methanol:water (2:1) containing 3 % perchloric acid, 0.1 % trifluoroacetic acid, 0.2 mM bathophenanthroline disulfonic acid, and 10 lg/mL methyl paraben.…”

Salicylic acid and gentisic acid induce RNA silencing-related genes and plant resistance to RNA pathogens

“…Moreover, a number of studies have demonstrated that exogenous treatments with SA induce resistance to different pathogens in different species (Edgar et al, 2006;Mandal et al, 2009;Meher et al, 2011;Saikia et al, 2003;Shang et al, 2011;Spletzer and Enyedi, 1999;Wang and Liu, 2012). Studies with different plant-pathogen systems establishing a compatible, non-necrotizing interaction, have reported a significant accumulation of gentisic acid (GA) in infected plants (Bellés et al, 1999;Bellés et al, 2006;López-Gresa et al, 2010).…”

“…Moreover, nahG plants, which are unable to accumulate SA, are more susceptible to pathogens (Vlot et al, 2009). Several studies have demonstrated that exogenous treatments with SA induce resistance to different pathogens in tomato (Mandal et al, 2009;Meher et al, 2011;Shang et al, 2011;Spletzer and Enyedi, 1999) and other plant species (Edgar et al, 2006;Saikia et al, 2003;Wang and Liu, 2012).…”

Nematicidal Activity of Acetyl Salicylic Acid against Root-Knot Nematode on Tomato Plants.

“…Recently there are many approaches for controlling nematode using plant resistance inducing chemicals such as salicylic acid (SA) against nematodes (Ganguly et al, 1999;Molinari, 2006;Moslemi et al, 2016 andRadwan et al, 2017). Other reports mentioned that SA was promoted plant growth and decreased nematode infection by induction of plant resistance against root-knot nematode (Nandi et al, 2000;Molinari and Loffredo, 2006;Meher et al, 2011 andMostafanezhad et al, 2014b). Also, SA affected chemotaxis, motility, viability and hatching of Meloidogyne incognita in vitro (Wuyts et al, 2005).…”