Sales of anti-cancer medicines; China, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand

Ferrario, Alessandra; Stephens, Peter; Guan, Xiaodong; Ross‐Degnan, Dennis; Wagner, Anita K.

doi:10.2471/blt.19.243998

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…These results are similar to a published study that showed that sales from 2007 to 2017 across all types of anti-cancer therapies increased in China. 40 In contrast, our study showed that procurement of one third of the essential medicines decreased. At the provincial level, we also found that the procurement of essential medicines decreased in more than half the provinces, and the procurement of targeted medicines decreased only slightly in one province.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

Procurement of medicines to treat cancer, 2015–2020, China

Pan¹,

Hu²,

Zhang³

et al. 2022

Bull World Health Org

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Objective To assess the procurement of medicines to treat cancer in China. Methods We conducted a descriptive analysis of the national procurement data for 20 anti-cancer medicines in China from 2015 to 2020. We estimated the number of defined daily doses procured per year in three areas of China for essential medicines and medicines for targeted therapies. We adjusted the data by the number of cancer patients in each region for each year. Findings Between 2015 and 2020, the number of defined daily doses per patient decreased from 40.87 to 35.86 (−12.27%) for essential medicines, while the number increased from 0.85 to 12.52 (1381.15%) for target medicines. The procurement of three out of 10 essential medicines decreased, whereas procurement of all 10 targeted medicines increased. In 2020, the eastern area procured the most essential medicines (44.98 doses per patient) and targeted medicines (16.55 doses per patient), but had the smallest relative change in procurement of both essential medicines (−22.76%) and targeted medicines (978.16%). The central area had the largest increase in procurement of both essential medicines (9.64%; from 25.25 to 27.68 doses per patient) and targeted medicines (4587.81%; from 0.23 to 10.64 doses per patient). Conclusion Procurement of anti-cancer medicines varied across regions. Specific policies are needed at the national level to eliminate inequalities in access to these medicines. Two issues that need attention are the lower access to many essential anti-cancer medicines in some provinces and the increase in use of targeted medicines.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

Procurement of medicines to treat cancer, 2015–2020, China

Pan¹,

Hu²,

Zhang³

et al. 2022

Bull World Health Org

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“…In recent years, the increase in the demand volumes for anticancer medicines is a common phenomenon across many countries. 19 The fast-growing utilization of anticancer medicines is a positive performance for cancer patients in China, which means that the availability of these medicines is increasing. There are several main factors associated with changes in utilization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substantial Increase in Accessibility to Essential Anticancer Medicines in Anhui, China: A Longitudinal Study

et al. 2023

INQUIRY

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The study aimed to evaluate the change in accessibility of essential anticancer medicines, from 2015 to 2018 in a pilot province for health care reform in China. Data on access to 23 essential anticancer medicines was obtained from 6 provincial tertiary hospitals. A comprehensive analysis was applied to explore these trends. The total utilization of anticancer medicines had increased by an average of 2.57 times ( P < .001) during the study period, of which targeted anticancer medicines had the fastest growth rate of 6.45 times ( P < .001). The prices of all targeted medicines and original brands (OBs) were showing a downward trend, with the average change rate of −32% and −28% respectively (both P < .001). In contrast, the price of non-targeted medicines and lowest-price generics (LPG) increased by an average of 98% ( P < .001) and 117% ( P < .004) respectively. All targeted anticancer medicines were found to be unaffordable under this standard of this study, but the affordability of these medicines is on the rise. The study suggested positive changes in the utilization, price, and affordability of the most essential anticancer medicines. In the future, comprehensive strategies need to be conducted to further increase the affordability of targeted anticancer medicines.

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“…Of concern are potential barriers to access to and affordability of essential cancer drugs recommended in the WHO EML. [29][30][31][32][33][34][35] Arguably, access and affordability are only relevant considerations for WHO EML cancer drugs with established clinical benefit, and most importantly, OS benefit. In recent years, the WHO has put greater emphasis on the development and use of explicit clinical benefit criteria to inform the selection of cancer drugs for the EML.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overall survival benefits of cancer drugs in the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, 2015–2021

Zhou,

Naci,

Chen

et al. 2023

BMJ Glob Health

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IntroductionWe examined overall survival (OS) benefits for targeted cancer drugs recommended for List of Essential Medicines (EMLs) since 2015. We assessed consistency of decisions in 2019 and 2021 with more specific criteria: OS benefit >4 months and high scores on European Society for Medical Oncology-Magnitude of Clinical Benefit Scale (ESMO-MCBS).MethodsWe identified applications for cancer drug in WHO EMLs from 2015 to 2021. We extracted evidence of OS benefit documented in WHO Technical Report Series (TRS) and compared it to evidence from pivotal trial(s) documented in Food and Drug Administration-approved labels. We retrieved published ESMO-MCBS scores. We summarised availability and magnitude of OS benefit and ESMO-MCBS scores and assessed consistency of inclusion decisions against WHO criteria.Results22/54 targeted cancer drug indications were recommended. Among them, 68.2% and 31.8% had OS benefit evidence documented in WHO-TRS and pivotal trials, respectively. Among those not recommended, 59.4% and 56.3% had OS benefit evidence documented in WHO-TRS and pivotal trials, respectively. Of 11 cancer drug indications recommended in 2019 and 2021, 54.5% and 9.1% had evidence of OS benefit >4 months in WHO-TRS and pivotal trials, respectively; 45.5% met ESMO-MCBS criteria. Ten targeted cancer drugs had more than one application for the same indications. Five of those were eventually recommended, including three without new evidence of OS benefit. Additional factors, such as reduced cost, and increased treatment options, seemed to be important factors in the selection.ConclusionWhile WHO has defined approval criteria for cancer drugs EML, we identified areas where adherence of these criteria and communication of the EML approval decision-making processes can be improved.

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Sales of anti-cancer medicines; China, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand

Cited by 8 publications

References 23 publications

Procurement of medicines to treat cancer, 2015–2020, China

Procurement of medicines to treat cancer, 2015–2020, China

Substantial Increase in Accessibility to Essential Anticancer Medicines in Anhui, China: A Longitudinal Study

Overall survival benefits of cancer drugs in the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines, 2015–2021

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