Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) silage in dairy cow rations reduces ruminal biohydrogenation and increases transfer efficiencies of unsaturated fatty acids from feed to milk

Abstract

The effects of replacing grass silage by sainfoin silage in a total mixed ration (TMR) based diet on fatty acid (FA) reticular inflow and milk FA profile of dairy cows was investigated. The experiment followed a crossover design with 2 dietary treatments. The control diet consisted of grass silage, corn silage, concentrate and linseed. In the sainfoin diet, half of the grass silage was replaced by a sainfoin silage. Six rumen cannulated lactating multiparous dairy cows with a metabolic body weight of 132.5 ± 3.6 kg BW 0.75 , 214 ± 72 d in milk and an average milk production of 23.1 ± 2.8 kg/d were used in the experiment. Cows were paired based on parity and milk production. Within pairs, cows were randomly assigned to either the control diet or the sainfoin diet for 2 experimental periods (29 d per period). In each period, the first 21 d, cows were housed individually in tie-stalls for adaptation, then next 4 d cows were housed individually in climate-controlled respiration chambers to measure CH 4 . During the last 4 d, cows were housed individually in tie stalls to measure milk FA profile and determine FA reticular inflow using the reticular sampling technique with Cr-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt dihydrate (EDTA) and Yb-acetate used as digesta flow markers. Although the dietary C18:3n-3 intake was lower ( P = 0.025) in the sainfoin diet group, the mono-unsaturated FA reticular inflow was greater ( P = 0.042) in cows fed the sainfoin diet. The reticular inflow of trans-9, trans-12-C18:2 and cis-12, trans-10 C18:2 was greater ( P ≤ 0.024) in the sainfoin diet group. The cows fed sainfoin diet had a lower ( P ≤ 0.038) apparent ruminal biohydrogenation of cis-9-C18:1 and C18:3n-3, compared to the cows fed the control diet. The sainfoin diet group had greater ( P ≤ 0.018) C18:3n-3 and cis-9, cis-12-C18:2 proportions in the milk FA profile compared to the control diet group. Transfer efficiencies from feed to milk of C18:2, C18:3n-3 and unsaturated FA were greater ( P ≤ 0.0179) for the sainfoin diet. Based on the results, it could be concluded that replacing grass silage by sainfoin silage in dairy cow rations reduces ruminal C18:3n-3 biohydrogenation and improves milk FA profile.

Chitosan/Calcium–Alginate Encapsulated Flaxseed Oil on Dairy Cattle Diet: In Vitro Fermentation and Fatty Acid Biohydrogenation

“…Therefore, minimizing the ruminal biohydrogenation process of unsaturated fatty acids is one of the most important issues for feed supplements manufacturers and animal nutritionists to increase the availability of these fatty acids in the intestine [ 23 , 24 ]. There are several ways to protect fats and oils from rumen biohydrogenation.…”

Inclusion of Sainfoin in the Concentrate of Finishing Lambs: Fatty Acid Profiles of Rumen, Plasma, and Muscle

“…Otherwise, it is important to highlight that in this study, the concentration of C18:3 n-3 found in 40SF rumen was equal to that of 20SF rumen and higher than that in the 0SF group, despite the large BH extent. Increased concentrations of C18:3 n-3 in the ruminal content when using sainfoin have already been found in previous studies. ,,, Nevertheless, this finding is usually associated with the presence of PACs in sainfoin, which can affect the BH of dietary PUFA . Herein, the lack of C18:3 n-3 BH inhibition may be associated with the low PAC content in sainfoin diets and their low activity.…”

Impact of Green Forages in Spring, in the Steppe Regions of Tiaret “Chehaima and Naima”, on the Fatty Acid Composition of the "Biceps Femoris" Muscle of Lambs

“…Feeding practices in free ranges advantageously improve the FA profile; on the other hand, the variability of the individual plants that characterize and dominate in these different rangelands can affect the capacity and retention time of FA in the rumen, thus their composition in antioxidants which protect PUFAs, lead to a considerable accumulation of these FAs, in particular, C18: 3n3, the precursor of C22: 6n3 (Elgersma, 2015). Recent simultaneous studies have described lipogenesis in the rumen, as a function of biohydrogenation, which is conditioned by the selection of ruminal microflora depending on the type of food, the variety of plant species, the amount of fiber and starch consumed by the ruminant which can decrease ruminal pH, which inhibits the activity of certain bacteria and stimulates the activity of a new bacterial population, and consequently, a modification of ruminal metabolism of FA (Dewanckele et al, 2020 ;Frutos et al, 2020 ;Huyen et al, 2020). A high content of PUFA n-3, in particular PUFALC such as EPA, is inversely correlated with the prevalence in young people suffering from depression (Berger et al, 2017).…”