Saharan dust contributions to PM10 and TSP levels in Southern and Eastern Spain

Rodrı́guez, Sergio; Querol, Xavier; Alastuey, Andrés; Kallos, George; Kakaliagou, O.

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(00)00496-9

Cited by 503 publications

(355 citation statements)

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“…On the other hand, the inclusion of non-mineral components in the African dust profile (Fig. 11) may explain the underestimation in Athens of net dust loads when the PM 10 mineral component, net dust (MIN-STOICH), is used (Rodriguez et al, 2001).…”

Section: Sensitivity Analysis On the Estimation Of Net African Dustmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Background annual average PM 10 mass concentration for continental Europe is 7.0 ± 4.1 µg m −3 (Van Dingenen et al, 2004) and is attributed both to natural sources and anthropogenic longrange transported particles. This background level shows regional variations, and in some cases (in particular for the southern European countries) naturally emitted PM may contribute significantly, causing even exceedances of air quality standards (Pey et al, 2013;Querol et al, 2009Querol et al, , 1998Rodriguez et al, 2001). The main natural sources affecting ambient PM levels are wind-blown soil dust, sea salt, wildfires, volcanic ash and biogenic aerosol (Viana et al, 2014).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Mediterranean climate, characterised by increased solar radiation and low rainfall rates, promotes aerosol production and reduces the potential for dispersion and removal of pollutants (Lazaridis et al, 2005). The vicinity of southern Europe to North Africa on the other hand results in frequent and intense dust outbreaks, with high loads of dust from desert regions transported across the Mediterranean, which often leads to exceedances of air quality limit values (Pey et al, 2013;Nava et al, 2012;Athanasopoulou et al, 2010;Querol et al, 1998Querol et al, , 2009Gerasopoulos et al, 2006;Kallos et al, 2006;Rodriguez et al, 2001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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AIRUSE-LIFE +: estimation of natural source contributions to urban ambient air PM10 and PM2. 5 concentrations in southern Europe – implications to compliance with limit values

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The contribution of natural sources to ambient air particulate matter (PM) concentrations is often not considered; however, it may be significant for certain areas and during specific periods of the year. In the framework of the AIRUSE-LIFE+ project, state-of-the-art methods have been employed for assessing the contribution of major natural sources (African dust, sea salt and forest fires) to PM concentrations, in southern European urban areas. 24 h measurements of PM 10 and PM 2.5 mass and chemical composition were performed over the course of a year in five cities: Porto, Barcelona, Milan, Florence and Athens. Net African dust and sea-salt concentrations were calculated based on the methodologies proposed by the EC (SEC 2011/208). The contribution of uncontrolled forest fires was calculated through receptor modelling. Sensitivity analysis with respect to the calculation of African dust was also performed, in order to identify major parameters affecting the estimated net dust concentrations. African dust contribution to PM concentrations was more pronounced in the eastern Mediterranean, with the mean annual relative contribution to PM 10 decreasing from 21 % in Athens, to 5 % in Florence, and around 2 % in Milan, Barcelona and Porto. The respective contribution to PM 2.5 was calculated equal to 14 % in Athens and from 1.3 to 2.4 % in all other cities. High seasonal variability of contributions was observed, with dust transport events occurring at different periods in the western and eastern Mediterranean basin. Sea salt was mostly related to the coarse mode and also exhibited significant seasonal variability. Sea-salt concentrations were highest in Porto, with average relative contributions equal to 12.3 % for PM 10 . Contributions from uncontrolled forest fires were quantified only for Porto and were low on an annual basis (1.4 and 1.9 % to PM 10 and PM 2.5 , respectively); nevertheless, contributions were greatly increased during events, reaching 20 and 22 % of 24 h PM 10 and PM 2.5 concentrations, respectively.

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Section: Sensitivity Analysis On the Estimation Of Net African Dustmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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AIRUSE-LIFE +: estimation of natural source contributions to urban ambient air PM10 and PM2. 5 concentrations in southern Europe – implications to compliance with limit values

et al. 2017

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“…Changes in the water flow through the Strait of Gibraltar are modulated by this wind forcing as suggested by García Lafuente et al (2002). Wind forcing also regulates the formation of gyres within the Alboran Sea and the transportation of atmospheric dust and moisture (e.g., Bucca and Kinder, 1984;Rodriguez et al, 2001;Jimenez-Espejo, et al, 2008).…”

Section: Regional Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and demise of cold-water coral ecosystems on mud volcanoes in the West Alboran Sea: The messages from the planktonic and benthic foraminifera

et al. 2011

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The Dhaka and Maya mud volcanoes (MVs), located in the Mud Diapir Province in the Western Alboran Basin along the Moroccan Coasts, were cored during the TTR-17, Leg 1 cruise. Cores were taken on the top of the volcanoes at a water depth of 370 m on the Dhaka MV (core TTR17-MS411G) and at 410 m water depth on the Maya MV (core TTR17-MS419G), respectively. On both mud volcanoes the extruded mud breccia provides the nucleation point for the colonization and development of cold-water corals and associated ecosystems. Two phases of cold-water coral growth are observed: (1) between slightly older than 4175± 62 years BP and around 2230± 59 years BP at Dhaka, and (2) between slightly older than 15583 ± 185 years BP and around 7613 ± 38 years BP at Maya MV. On the top of the Maya MV only a small patch reef and/or isolated corals proliferated, whereas a more extended patch reef colonized the top of the Dhaka MV. At both sites the cold-water coral development was triggered by the availability of a suitable substrate for initial coral settling, provided either as a firm ground or as single clasts. Subsequently coral growth was supported by enhanced nutrient flux possibly related to upwelling and/or strong currents. During the intervals of coral growth planktonic foraminiferal assemblages were dominated by Neogloboquadrina incompta. The decline of coral ecosystems on the mud volcanoes is accompanied at surface by a shift from the N. incompta dominated assemblage to a Globorotalia inflata dominated assemblage, possibly reflecting more oligotrophic conditions. This shift is coeval to the passage from wet to arid conditions at the end of the African Humid Period at Maya MV. It is interpreted as an effect of an early human impact on a fragile environment, which was already stressed by desiccation at the time of the development of complex human society along the Mediterranean coasts, at Dhaka MV.

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“…In addition, Saharan dust transport and deposition has been explored during the EDUSE project. Rodriguez et al (2001) studied the implications of such transport in the urban environment of various Spanish cities.…”

Section: Meteorological Patterns Of the Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic processes of mercury over the Mediterranean region: results from the Mediterranean Atmospheric Mercury Cycle System (MAMCS) project

Pirrone

Ferrara²,

Hedgecock

et al. 2003

Atmospheric Environment

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Saharan dust contributions to PM10 and TSP levels in Southern and Eastern Spain

Cited by 503 publications

References 25 publications

AIRUSE-LIFE +: estimation of natural source contributions to urban ambient air PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2. 5</sub> concentrations in southern Europe – implications to compliance with limit values

AIRUSE-LIFE +: estimation of natural source contributions to urban ambient air PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2. 5</sub> concentrations in southern Europe – implications to compliance with limit values

Growth and demise of cold-water coral ecosystems on mud volcanoes in the West Alboran Sea: The messages from the planktonic and benthic foraminifera

Dynamic processes of mercury over the Mediterranean region: results from the Mediterranean Atmospheric Mercury Cycle System (MAMCS) project

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Saharan dust contributions to PM10 and TSP levels in Southern and Eastern Spain

Cited by 503 publications

References 25 publications

AIRUSE-LIFE +: estimation of natural source contributions to urban ambient air PM&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt; and PM&lt;sub&gt;2. 5&lt;/sub&gt; concentrations in southern Europe – implications to compliance with limit values

AIRUSE-LIFE +: estimation of natural source contributions to urban ambient air PM&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt; and PM&lt;sub&gt;2. 5&lt;/sub&gt; concentrations in southern Europe – implications to compliance with limit values

Growth and demise of cold-water coral ecosystems on mud volcanoes in the West Alboran Sea: The messages from the planktonic and benthic foraminifera

Dynamic processes of mercury over the Mediterranean region: results from the Mediterranean Atmospheric Mercury Cycle System (MAMCS) project

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AIRUSE-LIFE +: estimation of natural source contributions to urban ambient air PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2. 5</sub> concentrations in southern Europe – implications to compliance with limit values

AIRUSE-LIFE +: estimation of natural source contributions to urban ambient air PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2. 5</sub> concentrations in southern Europe – implications to compliance with limit values