Sagittal plane head stabilization during level walking and ambulation on stairs

Cromwell, Ronita L.; Wellmon, Robert

doi:10.1002/pri.226

Cited by 31 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Trunk pitch displacements in horses during walks were similar to those in bipedal humans walking on flat surfaces in the laboratory (Cromwell and Wellmon, 2001) and to quadrupedal monkeys walking on treadmills (Dunbar, 2004; Xiang et al, 2008) but smaller than in monkeys walking quadrupedally on natural terrain in the wild (Dunbar et al, 2004). These trunk pitch similarities and differences during walks can be attributed largely to variation in support characteristics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Table 2 compares our findings on segmental mean displacements in horses with those from studies on humans (Cromwell and Wellmon, 2001; Cromwell et al, 2004; Pozzo et al, 1990) and other primates (Dunbar, 2004; Dunbar et al, 2004; Hirasaki and Kumakura, 2004; Xiang et al, 2008). Vertical displacements of the equine head are larger during walks than those of humans and other primates, whether bipedal or quadrupedal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…compensatory movements to isolate the head from the rotational influences of the trunk, thereby enabling independent head stabilization relative to space. That the human neck pitches through more degrees than the head or trunk during bipedal walks (Cromwell and Wellmon, 2001) supports this hypothesis. Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…runs, hops), have proposed that the head is rotationally stabilized (≤20 deg. rotation) to provide the brain with a gravito-inertial reference for whole-body spatial orientation and gaze accommodation (Pozzo et al, 1990), Bipedal walking studies by others on humans (Cromwell and Wellmon, 2001), monkeys and gibbons (Hirasaki and Kumakura, 2004) found the head to be similarly stabilized, lending support to this proposal. From our own real-world experiences, however, we know that large head rotations (>20deg.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…out-of-phase with head vertical translation. To lend context and significance to our investigation, the Discussion will include comparisons of the equine data with those published on humans (Cromwell and Wellmon, 2001; Cromwell et al, 2004; Lieberman et al, 2006; Pozzo et al, 1990) and other primates (Dunbar, 2004; Dunbar et al, 2004; Hirasaki and Kumakura, 2004; Xiang et al, 2008). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stabilization and mobility of the head, neck and trunk in horses during overground locomotion: comparisons with humans and other primates

Dunbar

Macpherson

Simmons

et al. 2008

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY Segmental kinematics were investigated in horses during overground locomotion and compared with published reports on humans and other primates to determine the impact of a large neck on rotational mobility (>20 deg.) and stability (≤20 deg.) of the head and trunk. Three adult horses (Equus caballus) performing walks, trots and canters were videotaped in lateral view. Data analysis included locomotor velocity, segmental positions, pitch and linear displacements and velocities, and head displacement frequencies. Equine, human and monkey skulls and cervical spines were measured to estimate eye and vestibular arc length during head pitch displacements. Horses stabilized all three segments in all planes during all three gaits, unlike monkeys and humans who make large head pitch and yaw rotations during walks,and monkeys that make large trunk pitch rotations during gallops. Equine head angular displacements and velocities, with some exceptions during walks, were smaller than in humans and other primates. Nevertheless, owing to greater off-axis distances, orbital and vestibular arc lengths remained larger in horses, with the exception of head–neck axial pitch during trots, in which equine arc lengths were smaller than in running humans. Unlike monkeys and humans, equine head peak-frequency ranges fell within the estimated range in which inertia has a compensatory stabilizing effect. This inertial effect was typically over-ridden, however, by muscular or ligamentous intervention. Thus, equine head pitch was not consistently compensatory, as reported in humans. The equine neck isolated the head from the trunk enabling both segments to provide a spatial reference frame.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Stabilization and mobility of the head, neck and trunk in horses during overground locomotion: comparisons with humans and other primates

Dunbar

Macpherson

Simmons

et al. 2008

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Auditory Modulation of Multisensory Representations

Effenberg

Hwang

Ghai

et al. 2018

Music Technology With Swing

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Motor control and motor learning as well as interpersonal coordination are based on motor perception and emergent perceptuomotor representations. At least in early stages motor learning and interpersonal coordination are emerging heavily on visual information in terms of observing others and transforming the information into internal representations to guide owns behavior. With progressing learning, also other perceptual modalities are added when a new motor pattern is established by repeated physical exercises. In contrast to the vast majority of publications on motor learning and interpersonal coordination referring to a certain perceptual modality here we look at the perceptual system as a unitary system coordinating and unifying the information of all involved perceptual modalities. The relation between perceptual streams of different modalities, the intermodal processing and multisensory integration of information as a basis for motor control and learning will be the main focus of this contribution. Multi-/intermodal processing of perceptual streams results in multimodal representations and opens up new approaches to support motor learning and interpersonal coordination: Creating an additional perceptual stream adequately auditory movement information can be generated suitable to be integrated with information of other modalities and thereby modulating the resulting perceptuomotor representations without the need of attention and higher cognition. Here, the concept of a movement defined real-time acoustics is used to serve the auditory system in terms of an additional movement-auditory stream. Before the computational approach of kinematic real-time sonification is finally described, a special focus is directed to the level of adaptation modules of the internal models. Furthermore, this concept is compared with different approaches of additional acoustic movement information. Moreover, a perspective of this approach is given in a broad spectrum of new applications of supporting motor control and learning in sports and motor rehabilitation as well as a broad spectrum of joint action and interpersonal coordination between humans but also concerning human-robotinteraction.

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Estimation of accuracy of an optoelectronic system in the measurement of head inertial components by means of an accelerometer based device

Cappa

Patanè

Rossi

World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering 2006

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Sagittal plane head stabilization during level walking and ambulation on stairs

Cited by 31 publications

References 19 publications

Stabilization and mobility of the head, neck and trunk in horses during overground locomotion: comparisons with humans and other primates

Stabilization and mobility of the head, neck and trunk in horses during overground locomotion: comparisons with humans and other primates

Auditory Modulation of Multisensory Representations

Estimation of accuracy of an optoelectronic system in the measurement of head inertial components by means of an accelerometer based device

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