Sagittal Joint Kinematics, Moments, and Powers Are Predominantly Characterized by Speed of Progression, Not Age, in Normal Children

Stansfield, Ben; Hillman, Susan J.; Hazlewood, M. Elizabeth; Lawson, Alastair A.; Mann, A.M.; Loudon, I.R.; Robb, James

doi:10.1097/01241398-200105000-00027

Cited by 71 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…It is well known that walking speed is a cause of gait variability for kinematic, kinetic, and CoM disp metrics (Winter, 1984;Stansfield et al, 2001;Orendurff et al, 2004) and the results from this study also demonstrate the same findings. This study demonstrates that step frequency increases due to speed and anecdotally suggests that step length increases as well (step length was not included in the analysis due to unavailability of complete consecutive step data for some of the participants due to cross-talk on the force plates).…”

Section: Stability Metricssupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Once identified, this metric can then be optimised as part of an exoskeleton control paradigm which provides assistance while maintaining balance, implicitly accounting for the effects of changing walking context and varying exoskeleton assistance. Previous work has been carried out to determine what effect walking speed (Winter, 1984;Stansfield et al, 2001;Orendurff et al, 2004), the environment (Lay et al, 2006;Franz and Kram, 2012), and exoskeleton forces have (Lewis and Ferris, 2011;Lenzi et al, 2012;Martelli et al, 2014) on a user's gait but these are constrained by using limited metrics and, for the work done on exoskeletons, limited walking contexts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effectively Quantifying the Performance of Lower-Limb Exoskeletons Over a Range of Walking Conditions

2018

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Exoskeletons and other wearable robotic devices have a wide range of potential applications, including assisting patients with walking pathologies, acting as tools for rehabilitation, and enhancing the capabilities of healthy humans. However, applying these devices effectively in a real-world setting can be challenging, as the optimal design features and control commands for an exoskeleton are highly dependent on the current user, task and environment. Consequently, robust metrics and methods for quantifying exoskeleton performance are required. This work presents an analysis of walking data collected for healthy subjects walking with an active pelvis exoskeleton over three assistance scenarios and five walking contexts. Spatial and temporal, kinematic, kinetic and other novel dynamic gait metrics were compared to identify which metrics exhibit desirable invariance properties, and so are good candidates for use as a stability metric over varying walking conditions. Additionally, using a model-based approach, the average metabolic power consumption was calculated for a subset of muscles crossing the hip, knee and ankle joints, and used to analyse how the energy-reducing properties of an exoskeleton are affected by changes in walking context. The results demonstrated that medio-lateral centre of pressure displacement and medio-lateral margin of stability exhibit strong invariance to changes in walking conditions. This suggests that these dynamic gait metrics are optimised in human gait and are potentially suitable metrics for optimising in an exoskeleton control paradigm. The effectiveness of the exoskeleton at reducing human energy expenditure was observed to increase when walking on an incline, where muscles aiding in hip flexion were assisted, but decrease when walking at a slow speed. These results underline the need for adaptive control algorithms for exoskeletons if they are to be used in varied environments.

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Section: Stability Metricssupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectively Quantifying the Performance of Lower-Limb Exoskeletons Over a Range of Walking Conditions

2018

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“…Natural variability exists in the gait of able-bodied persons, and can be attributed to many factors including age, height, and walking speed [1][2][3][4]. Natural variability, however, should not be confused with experimental error.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement and management of errors in quantitative gait data

2004

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Gait analysis is a valuable tool in the evaluation of children and adults with movement disorders. The data produced from gait analysis, however, is not necessarily free of errors. The purpose of this study was two-fold: (i) to estimate the errors associated with quantitative gait data; and (ii) to propose a method for incorporating the knowledge of these errors into the clinical interpretation process. An experimental protocol was designed that allowed within-subject, within-observer and between-observer errors to be computed at each point in the gait cycle. The estimates were then used in a practical scheme for detecting significant deviations in joint angles. The results of this study provide a means for managing error, while simultaneously improving the rigor and objectivity of clinical interpretations.

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“…This study was limited in that the determination of predictor variables associated with intersegment foot motion was based on the findings from previous studies [26,29,30]. Although significant, the predictor variables generally explained a low percentage of variance in intersegment foot motion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The impact of body fat on three dimensional motion of the paediatric foot during walking

et al. 2016

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The impact of body fat on three dimensional motion of the paediatric foot during walking. Gait and Posture, 44. pp. 155-160. ISSN 0966-6362 Available from: http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/32624We recommend you cite the published version. The publisher's URL is: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2015.12.009Refereed: Yes (no note) Disclaimer UWE has obtained warranties from all depositors as to their title in the material deposited and as to their right to deposit such material. UWE makes no representation or warranties of commercial utility, title, or fitness for a particular purpose or any other warranty, express or implied in respect of any material deposited. UWE makes no representation that the use of the materials will not infringe any patent, copyright, trademark or other property or proprietary rights. UWE accepts no liability for any infringement of intellectual property rights in any material deposited but will remove such material from public view pending investigation in the event of an allegation of any such infringement. PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR TEXT. 1The impact of body fat on three dimensional motion of the paediatric foot during walking AbstractChildhood obesity is commonly associated with a pes planus foot type and altered lower limb joint function during walking. However, limited information has been reported on dynamic intersegment foot motion with the level of obesity in children. The aim of this study was to explore the relationships between intersegment foot motion during gait and body fat in boys age 7 to 11 years.Fat mass was measured in fifty-five boys using air displacement plethysmography. Threedimensional gait analysis was conducted on the right foot of each participant using the 3DFoot model to capture angular motion of the shank, calcaneus, midfoot and metatarsals. Two multivariate statistical techniques were employed; principle component analysis reduced the multidimensional nature of gait analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis accounted for potential confounding factors.Higher fat mass predicted greater plantarflexion of the calcaneus during the first half and end of stance phase and at the end of swing phase. Greater abduction of the calcaneus throughout stance and swing was predicted by greater fat mass. At the midfoot, higher fat mass predicted greater dorsiflexion and eversion throughout the gait cycle.The findings present novel information on the relationships between intersegment angular motion of the foot and body fat in young boys. The data indicates a more pronated foot type in boys with greater body fat. These findings have clinical implications for pes planus and a predisposition for pain and discomfort during weight bearing activities potentially reducing motivation in obese children to be physically active.

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Sagittal Joint Kinematics, Moments, and Powers Are Predominantly Characterized by Speed of Progression, Not Age, in Normal Children

Cited by 71 publications

References 13 publications

Effectively Quantifying the Performance of Lower-Limb Exoskeletons Over a Range of Walking Conditions

Effectively Quantifying the Performance of Lower-Limb Exoskeletons Over a Range of Walking Conditions

Measurement and management of errors in quantitative gait data

The impact of body fat on three dimensional motion of the paediatric foot during walking

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