Sagittal Diameter of the Cervical Spinal Canal in Children

Hinck, Vincent C.; Hopkins, Carl E.; Savara, Bhim Sen

doi:10.1148/79.1.97

Cited by 101 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Normal sagittal diameter measurements in boys < 3 years have been reported as 15.2-23.8 mm; as 15.7-24.3 mm in 8-year-old boys; 16.4-25 mm in 13-year-old boys; and 17-25.6 mm in 18-year-old boys. 6 Among girls, sagittal diameter was reported as 12.9-20.7 mm in 3-year-olds; 13.9-21.7 mm in 8-year-olds; 14.9-22.7 mm in 13-yearolds, and 15.8-23.6 mm in 18-year-olds. 5,6 When the spinal canal is < 14 mm, spinal cord compression may be suspected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 Among girls, sagittal diameter was reported as 12.9-20.7 mm in 3-year-olds; 13.9-21.7 mm in 8-year-olds; 14.9-22.7 mm in 13-yearolds, and 15.8-23.6 mm in 18-year-olds. 5,6 When the spinal canal is < 14 mm, spinal cord compression may be suspected. 4 A sagittal diameter of < 10 mm in the spinal canal at the level of the atlas indicates a high risk of developing clinical signs and symptoms of cervical myelopathy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Isolated cervical spinal canal stenosis at C-1 in the pediatric population and in Williams syndrome

Desai

Vadivelu

Patel

et al. 2013

SPI

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Object Isolated cervical canal stenosis at the level of the atlas (C-1) is a rare cause of cervical myelopathy in the pediatric population. It has been associated with several genetic disorders including spondyloepiphysial dysplasia congenita, Down syndrome, and Klippel-Feil syndrome. The purpose of this study is to highlight the authors' experience with 4 additional pediatric cases, review the literature, and report a new association of this disease with Williams syndrome. Methods The medical records and radiological imaging studies of 4 patients treated at Texas Children's Hospital for symptomatic hypoplasia of the atlas were retrospectively reviewed. Pertinent patient demographic data, clinical presentation, imaging findings, and outcomes after surgery were recorded. A thorough literature review was performed, allowing the authors to compare and contrast their 4 cases to surgical cases already published in the literature. Results There were 11 boys and 1 girl in the aggregate series. The average age of the patients was 7 years (range 13 months–14 years), and the duration of symptoms prior to presentation was 6 months (range 0–36 months). The mean sagittal diameter of the spinal canal at the level of the atlas measured from the posterior aspect of the dens to the anterior aspect of the arch of C-1 was 11.9 mm (range 8.3–16 mm) in the aggregate series. In 2 new pediatric patients with hypoplasia of the atlas the disease was associated with Williams syndrome, which has not been previously described. Patients in the aggregate series were followed for an average of 18 months (range 3–50 months). Laminectomy of C-1 provided neurological improvement in all patients who presented. Conclusions Isolated cervical spinal canal stenosis at the level of the atlas is a rare cause of cervical myelopathy. The authors hope that this report will prompt clinicians to consider it when searching for the origin of signs and symptoms of cervical myelopathy, especially in children.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolated cervical spinal canal stenosis at C-1 in the pediatric population and in Williams syndrome

Desai

Vadivelu

Patel

et al. 2013

SPI

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is wellknown that subjects with all the radiological features of cervical spondylosis may be symptom free [9], while on the other hand, minimal or moderate radiological changes may induce myelopathy. This discrepancy between radiological changes and the presence of symptoms in cervical spondylosis is attributable mainly due to differences in the initial size of the cervical spinal canal [5,8]. Observation of the sagittal diameter in cervical spondylosis, therefore, is an important aspect of radiographic examination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-related changes in osseous anatomy, alignment, and range of motion of the cervical spine. Part I: Radiographic data from over 1,200 asymptomatic subjects

Yukawa

Kato

Suda³

et al. 2012

Eur Spine J

180

130

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose This study aimed to establish radiographic standard values for cervical spine morphometry, alignment, and range of motion (ROM) in both male and female in each decade of life between the 3rd and 8th and to elucidate these age-related changes. Methods A total of 1,230 asymptomatic volunteers underwent anteroposterior (AP), lateral, flexion, and extension radiography of the cervical spine. There were at least 100 men and 100 women in each decade of life between the 3rd and 8th. AP diameter of the spinal canal, vertebral body, and disc were measured at each level from the 2nd to 7th cervical vertebra (C2-C7). C2-C7 sagittal alignment and ROM during flexion and extension were calculated using a computer digitizer. Results The AP diameter of the spinal canal was 15.8 ± 1.5 [mean ± standard deviation (SD)] mm at the mid-C5 level, and 15.5 ± 2.0 mm at the C5/6 disc level. The disc height was 5.8 ± 1.3 mm at the C5/6 level, which was the minimum height, and the maximum height was at the C6/7 level. Both the AP diameter of the spinal canal and disc height decreased gradually with increasing age. The C2-C7 sagittal alignment and total ROM were 13.9 ± 12.3°in lordosis and 55.3 ± 16.0°, respectively. The C2-C7 lordotic angle was 8.0 ± 11.8°in the 3rd decade and increased to 19.7 ± 11.3 in the 8th decade, whereas the C2-C7 ROM was 67.7 ± 17.0°in the 3rd decade and decreased to 45.0 ± 12.5 in the 8th decade. The extension ROM decreased more than the flexion ROM, and lordotic alignment progressed with increasing age. There was a significant difference in C2-C7 alignment and ROM between men and women. Conclusions The standard values and age-related changes in cervical anatomy, alignment, and ROM for males and females in each decade between the 3rd and 8th were established. Cervical lordosis in the neutral position develops with aging, while extension ROM decreases gradually. These data will be useful as normal values for the sake of comparison in clinical practice.

show abstract

“…Hinck et al [14,15,16] first described congenital cervical stenosis in the subaxial region; however, to date clinically significant cervical stenosis caused by a hypoplastic C1 arch has only been described in a handful of cases worldwide [1,3,4,8,17], and usually in adult patients. The average normal sagittal canal diameter at the level of the atlas ranges between 17 and 25 mm in adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Unusual Form of Occipitocervical Assimilation Presenting with Spastic Tetraparesis in a Child

Lee¹,

Wood²

2010

Pediatr Neurosurg

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A diagnosis of ‘cerebral palsy’ in childhood is relatively common. Abnormalities of the upper cervical spine causing spinal cord compression are rare, but can be a cause of symptoms and signs that may otherwise be attributed to brain injury acquired during development. We present an interesting case of a congenital abnormality of the atlas causing severe cervical spinal cord compression in a 9-year-old child, together with a discussion of the relevant aspects of spinal development and a review of the literature.

show abstract

Sagittal Diameter of the Cervical Spinal Canal in Children

Cited by 101 publications

References 9 publications

Isolated cervical spinal canal stenosis at C-1 in the pediatric population and in Williams syndrome

Isolated cervical spinal canal stenosis at C-1 in the pediatric population and in Williams syndrome

Age-related changes in osseous anatomy, alignment, and range of motion of the cervical spine. Part I: Radiographic data from over 1,200 asymptomatic subjects

An Unusual Form of Occipitocervical Assimilation Presenting with Spastic Tetraparesis in a Child

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About