Safrole Induces Apoptosis in Human Oral Cancer HSC-3 Cells

Yu, Fu Shun; Yang, Jai Sing; Yu, Chun Shu; Lu, Chi‐Cheng; Chiang, Jen‐Huai; Lin, Chia-Ho; Chung, Jing Gung

doi:10.1177/0022034510384619

Cited by 64 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…For DAPI staining, cells were stained with DAPI (4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride), examined and images were captured using a fluorescence microscope as previously described (9,19). For comet assay, cells were harvested, isolated and examined for DNA damage by using the comet assay as previously described (9,17).…”

Section: Dapi Staining and Comet Assay For Examining The Dna Damage Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycyrrhizic acid induces apoptosis in WEHI-3 mouse leukemia cells through the caspase- and mitochondria-dependent pathways

et al. 2012

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Abstract. Leukemia, one of the causes of cancer-related death in humans, is an aggressive malignancy via the rapid growth of abnormal white blood cells. The aim of this study was to determine the anti-leukemia effect of glycyrrhizic acid (GA) on a mouse leukemia cell line, WEHI-3. GA, an active compound in Glycyrrhiza glabra, has been proven to induce cytotoxic effects in many cancer cell lines. In the current study, we investigated the effects of GA in mouse leukemia cells in vitro. The results indicated that GA induced morphological changes, G 0 /G 1 phase arrest, apoptosis and DNA damage in WEHI-3 cells as determined by phase contrast microscopy, DAPI-staining, flow cytometry and comet assay. The results from the flow cytometric assay showed that GA increased ROS levels, reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and stimulated caspase-3 activity in WEHI-3 cells. GA regulated the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis-associated protein expression which was determined by western blotting. In addition, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress responses were observed in GA-treated WEHI-3 cells. GA promoted the trafficking of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), cytochrome c and endonuclease G (Endo G) in WEHI-3 cells. Based on this evidence, GA-triggered apoptosis occurs through the death receptor, mitochondria-mediated and ER stress multiple signaling pathways.

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Section: Dapi Staining and Comet Assay For Examining The Dna Damage Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycyrrhizic acid induces apoptosis in WEHI-3 mouse leukemia cells through the caspase- and mitochondria-dependent pathways

et al. 2012

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“…The membranes were washed, treated with appropriate horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies and visualized by a chemiluminescence detection kit (GE Healthcare, Princeton, NJ, USA). 18,24 cDNA microarray assay for gene expression of RAW 264.7 cells after exposure to citosol RAW 264.7 cells (5 Â 10 5 cells/ml) were seeded in 6-well plates containing RPMI 1640 medium with 10% FBS for 24 h. Cells in each well were treated for 48 h with or without3 mg/ml of citosol. Then the cells from each treatment were harvested and the total RNA was extracted using Qiagen RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen, Inc, Valencia, CA, USA).…”

Section: Determination Of Morphology and Percentage Of Viable Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Citosol (thiamylal sodium) triggers apoptosis and affects gene expressions of murine leukemia RAW 264.7 cells

Liu

et al. 2012

Hum Exp Toxicol

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Citosol (thiamylal sodium) is one of generally used anesthetic-sedative agents for clinical patients, and it has not been reported to show induction of cytotoxic effects in cancer cells, especially in mice leukemia RAW 264.7 cells in vitro. In the present study, we investigated the cytotoxic effects of citosol on mice leukemic RAW 264.7 cells, including the effects on protein and gene expression levels which are determined by Western blotting and DNA microarray methods, respectively. Results indicated that citosol induced cell morphological changes, cytotoxic effect, and induction of apoptosis in RAW 264.7 cells. Western blotting analysis demonstrated that citosol promoted the levels of Fas, cytochrome c, caspase 9 and 3 active form and Bax levels, but it suppressed Bcl-xl protein level that may lead to apoptotic death in RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, DNA microarray assay indicated that citosol significantly promoted the expression of 5 genes (Gm4884, Gm10883, Lce1c, Lrg1, and LOC100045878) and significantly inhibited the expression of 24 genes (Gm10679, Zfp617, LOC621831, Gm5929, Snord116, Gm3994, LOC380994, Gm5592, LOC380994, LOC280487, Gm4638, Tex24, A530064D06Rik, BC094916, EG668725, Gm189, Hist2h3c2, Gm8020, Snord115, Gm3079, Olfr198, Tdh, Snord115, and Olfr1249). Based on these observations, citosol induced cell apoptosis and influenced gene expression in mice leukemia RAW 264.7 cells in vitro.

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“…The membranes were blocked by incubating in 5% non-fat milk for nonspecific binding sites. Specific antibodies were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. Horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-rabbit or anti-mouse IgG (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA) was used as a secondary antibody for enhanced ECL chemiluminescence reagent (Millipore) as described previously (24,26). Immunoblotting for examining the effects of wogonin on Bad, Bax, Bcl-2, cytochrome c, caspase-9 and -3 active form, AIF, Endo G, Fas/CD95, caspase-8, GADD153, GRP78, ATF-6α, calpin 1, calpin 2, and caspase-4 were performed.…”

Section: Western Blotting For Examining the Protein Levels Associatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wogonin triggers apoptosis in human osteosarcoma U-2 OS cells through the endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and caspase-3-dependent signaling pathways

Lin

Kuo

Lee³

et al. 2011

Int J Oncol

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Abstract. Wogonin (5,7-dihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone) is a flavone constituent of Scutellaria baicalensis with various beneficial biological activities and it has been shown to have tumor therapeutic potential in vitro and in vivo. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of wogonin in a human osteosarcoma cell line (U-2 OS). Results showed that a dose-and time-dependent reduction occurred in cell viability after exposure to wogonin in U-2 OS cells. Increasing the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca 2+ but decreasing the levels of mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm) were examined in wogonin-treated U-2 OS cells. Flow cytometric assay indicated that wogonin induced sub-G1 phase (apoptosis) and increased caspase-3 activity in examined cells. Wogonin-induced apoptosis in U-2 OS cells was also confirmed by 4' ,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining. Also, results from Western blotting indicated that wogonin increased the levels of Bad, Bax, cytochrome c, cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3, AIF, Endo G, Fas/CD95, caspase-8, GADD153, GRP78, ATF-6α, calpain 1, calpain 2 and caspase-4 then leading to cell apoptosis. In conclusion, wogonin induced ROS production and intracellular Ca 2+ , and altered the levels of anti-(Bcl-2) and pro-(Bad and Bax) apoptotic proteins. Wogonin-induced apoptosis in U-2 OS cells was through the activation of caspase-3. In conclusion, these are the first findings to show wogonin-induced cytotoxic effects through induction of apoptotic cell death and ER stress in U-2 OS cells. The potent in vitro antitumor activities suggest that wogonin could be developed for the treatment of human osteosarcoma in the future.

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Safrole Induces Apoptosis in Human Oral Cancer HSC-3 Cells

Cited by 64 publications

References 29 publications

Glycyrrhizic acid induces apoptosis in WEHI-3 mouse leukemia cells through the caspase- and mitochondria-dependent pathways

Glycyrrhizic acid induces apoptosis in WEHI-3 mouse leukemia cells through the caspase- and mitochondria-dependent pathways

Citosol (thiamylal sodium) triggers apoptosis and affects gene expressions of murine leukemia RAW 264.7 cells

Wogonin triggers apoptosis in human osteosarcoma U-2 OS cells through the endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and caspase-3-dependent signaling pathways

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