“…Furthermore, theoretical analysis of the VF instability of complex fluids such as polymer solutions, [21][22][23] nematic liquid crystals 24 and Boger fluids 25,26 needs to consider variations in rheology, rendering the evolution of nonlinear dynamics difficult to predict. 27,28 Moreover, when physicochemical effects such as a chemical reaction take place between two fluids, nonlinear dynamics of VF become also more complicated. [29][30][31][32][33] The development of approaches to predict VF nonlinear dynamics from measurable quantities without knowing the detailed hydrodynamic properties of the fluids and porous media is highly promising.…”