Safflower (n-6) and flaxseed (n-3) high-fat diets differentially regulate hypothalamic fatty acid profiles, gene expression, and insulin signalling

Fernandes, Maria; Tache, Maria Cristina; Klingel, Shannon L.; Leri, Francesco; Mutch, David M.

doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2017.12.002

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In particular, genes and pathways related with tissue structure such as focal adhesion and ECM‐receptor interaction, and signal transduction pathways such as PI3K‐Akt and Wnt signaling pathways were affected by DHA regardless of the dietary context, although the direction of changes in these genes/pathways are not necessarily the same between contexts. These pathways were also previously observed in PUFA fed rat hypothalamic region, [ 27 ] and may represent the core functions of DHA in maintaining cell membrane function and cell signaling.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Multi‐Tissue Multi‐Omics Nutrigenomics Indicates Context‐Specific Effects of Docosahexaenoic Acid on Rat Brain

Zhang

Meng

Blencowe

et al. 2020

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Scope: The influence of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on cardiometabolic and cognitive phenotypes, and multi-omic alterations in the brain under two metabolic conditions is explored to understand context-specific nutritional effects. Methods and results: Rats are randomly assigned to a DHA-rich or a control chow diet while drinking water or high fructose solution, followed by profiling of metabolic and cognitive phenotypes and the transcriptome and DNA methylome of the hypothalamus and hippocampus. DHA reduces serum triglyceride and improves insulin resistance and memory exclusively in the fructose-consuming rats. In hippocampus, DHA affects genes related to synapse functions in the chow group but immune functions in the fructose group; in hypothalamus, DHA alters immune pathways in the chow group but metabolic pathways in the fructose group. Network modeling reveals context-specific regulators of DHA effects, including Klf4 and Dusp1 for chow condition and Lum, Fn1, and Col1a1 for fructose condition in hippocampus, as well as Cyr61, JunB, Ier2, and Pitx2 under chow condition and Hcar1, Cdh1, and Osr1 under fructose condition in hypothalamus. Conclusion: DHA exhibits differential influence on epigenetic loci, genes, pathways, and metabolic and cognitive phenotypes under different dietary contexts, supporting population stratification in DHA studies to achieve precision nutrition.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Multi‐Tissue Multi‐Omics Nutrigenomics Indicates Context‐Specific Effects of Docosahexaenoic Acid on Rat Brain

Zhang

Meng

Blencowe

et al. 2020

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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“…N -3 PUFA deficiency in these regions was reported to impair neurogenesis and alter monoamine activity required for normal function [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. The HYP plays a central role in mediating metabolic function and the HPA stress axis [ 33 , 34 ], and n -3 deprivation promoted HPA-axis hyperactivity, an exaggerated stress response, and altered insulin signaling [ 11 , 24 ]. Importantly, dietary n -3 PUFA supplementation (typically consisting of EPA and/or DHA treatment) has been shown to attenuate positive and negative symptoms in patients suffering from schizophrenia [ 35 ], improve treatment efficacy in patients suffering from depression [ 36 ], and reduce cognitive decline in patients suffering from Alzheimer’s [ 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Total fatty acid methyl esters were extracted from samples with a chloroform:methanol (2:1, v / v ) solution, according to Folch et al [ 23 ]. Complete details of the fatty acid analysis have been previously published [ 24 ]. Fatty acid methyl esters were detected using an Agilent 6890A gas chromatograph with flame ionization detector (Agilent Technologies, Palo Alto, CA, USA) and separated on DBFFAP fused silica capillary column (15 m, 0.1 µm film thickness, 0.1 mm i.d.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary n-6/n-3 Ratio Influences Brain Fatty Acid Composition in Adult Rats

et al. 2020

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There is mounting evidence that diets supplemented with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) can impact brain biology and functions. This study investigated whether moderately high-fat diets differing in n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio could impact fatty acid composition in regions of the brain linked to various psychopathologies. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats consumed isocaloric diets (35% kcal from fat) containing different ratios of linoleic acid (n-6) and alpha-linolenic acid (n-3) for 2 months. It was found that the profiles of PUFA in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus reflected the fatty acid composition of the diet. In addition, region-specific changes in saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids were detected in the hypothalamus, but not in the hippocampus or prefrontal cortex. This study in adult rats demonstrates that fatty acid remodeling in the brain by diet can occur within months and provides additional evidence for the suggestion that diet could impact mental health.

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“…ALA (α-linolenic acid), DHA (Docosahexaenoic acid), EPA (Eicosapentaenoic acid), are vital n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3PUFAs) found in fish and certain vegetables (as flaxseeds). n-3 PUFAs regulated numerous cellular functions, signaling pathways and gene expressions as they influence the fluidity of phospholipid bilayers and the function of membrane proteins [4]. Additionally, n-3 PUFAs have hypo-triglyceridemic, anti-obesity properties and are effective against metabolic syndrome in humans [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The synthesis and characterization of gold nanoparticles with polyunsaturated oils contribute to hypolipidemic and anti-obesity activities in vivo.

Soliman¹,

Abdel-Rahman

Hamad³

et al. 2020

Egypt. J. Chem.

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This study aimed to evaluate the hypolipidemic, and anti-obesity effects of polyunsaturated oils, mixed with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). AuNPs were prepared by the oleic acid pyrolysis method. The sample was characterized by UV spectroscopy and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Sixty adult male rats were divided into 2 main groups. Group one (n=10 rats) was fed on the healthy diet (serves as basic control). The other group was fed on the high fructose diet (HFD) for four weeks and then was divided into five subgroups. 1st subgroup was fed on HFD only, 2nd and 4th subgroups were treated with n-3 PUFAs oils while 3rd and 5th treated with n-3 PUFAs oils mixed with AuNPs. Treatment of obese rats with n-3 PUFAs mixing with AuNPs revealed a significant decrease in in weight gain accompanied by an improvement of lipid profile. Histological examination of the heart indicated a marked improvement in the architecture and marked decrease of relative weight of heart in treated rats. It may be concluded that mixing of PUFAs oils with AuNPs could have the ability to lower weight gain of obese rats and relieved the various biochemical and histological abnormalities resulted due to obesity metabolic disorders.

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Safflower (n-6) and flaxseed (n-3) high-fat diets differentially regulate hypothalamic fatty acid profiles, gene expression, and insulin signalling

Cited by 11 publications

References 40 publications

Multi‐Tissue Multi‐Omics Nutrigenomics Indicates Context‐Specific Effects of Docosahexaenoic Acid on Rat Brain

Multi‐Tissue Multi‐Omics Nutrigenomics Indicates Context‐Specific Effects of Docosahexaenoic Acid on Rat Brain

Dietary n-6/n-3 Ratio Influences Brain Fatty Acid Composition in Adult Rats

The synthesis and characterization of gold nanoparticles with polyunsaturated oils contribute to hypolipidemic and anti-obesity activities in vivo.

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