Safflower (<i>Carthamus tinctorius</i> L.) seed attenuates memory impairment induced by scopolamine in mice <i>via</i> regulation of cholinergic dysfunction and oxidative stress

Kim, Ji Hyun; He, Mei; Kim, Min Jo; Yang, Chang; Shin, Yu Su; Yokozawa, Takako; Park, Chan Hum; Cho, Eun Ju

doi:10.1039/c9fo00615j

Cited by 40 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…The effects of safflower seed extract (100 mg kg/day) on scopolamine-induced memory impairment were tested using a mouse model. The findings suggested inhibition of cholinergic dysfunction and oxidative stress, indicating promise for memory improvement in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients [94]. The mechanism of safflower yellow (SY) was evaluated in amyloid β-induced AD rats, and findings revealed that SY attenuates learning and memory deficits [95].…”

Section: Brain and Liver Disease Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Metabolic Perspective and Opportunities in Pharmacologically Important Safflower

et al. 2020

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Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) has long been grown as a crop due to its commercial utility as oil, animal feed, and pharmacologically significant secondary metabolites. The integration of omics approaches, including genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, and proteomics datasets, has provided more comprehensive knowledge of the chemical composition of crop plants for multiple applications. Knowledge of a metabolome of plant is crucial to optimize the evolution of crop traits, improve crop yields and quality, and ensure nutritional and health factors that provide the opportunity to produce functional food or feedstuffs. Safflower contains numerous chemical components that possess many pharmacological activities including central nervous, cardiac, vascular, anticoagulant, reproductive, gastrointestinal, antioxidant, hypolipidemic, and metabolic activities, providing many other human health benefits. In addition to classical metabolite studies, this review focuses on several metabolite-based working techniques and updates to provide a summary of the current medical applications of safflower.

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Section: Brain and Liver Disease Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Metabolic Perspective and Opportunities in Pharmacologically Important Safflower

et al. 2020

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“…However, the mechanisms underlying AD are quite complicated and still uncertain. Some studies have noted that oxidative stress and cholinergic dysfunction play a critical role in the progression of AD (Kim et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GAPT regulates cholinergic dysfunction and oxidative stress in the brains of learning and memory impairment mice induced by scopolamine

et al. 2020

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Background Cholinergic dysfunction and oxidative stress are the crucial mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). GAPT, also called GEPT (a combination of several active components extracted from the Chinese herbs ginseng, epimedium, polygala and tuber curcumae) or Jinsiwei, is a patented Chinese herbal compound, has been clinically widely used to improve learning and memory impairment, but whether it can play a neuroprotective role by protecting cholinergic neurons and reducing oxidative stress injury remains unclear. Methods Male ICR mice were intraperitoneally injected with scopolamine (3 mg/kg) to establish a learning and memory disordered model. An LC‐MS method was established to study the chemical compounds and in vivo metabolites of GAPT. After scopolamine injection, a step‐down passive‐avoidance test (SDPA) and a Y maze test were used to estimate learning ability and cognitive function. In addition, ELISA detected the enzymatic activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), acetylcholine (ACh), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and total superoxide dismutase (T‐SOD). The protein expressions of AChE, ChAT, SOD1, and GPX1 were observed by western blot, and the distribution of ChAT, SOD1, and GPX1 was observed by immunohistochemical staining. Results After one‐half or 1 month of intragastric administration, GAPT can ameliorate scopolamine‐induced behavioral changes in learning and memory impaired mice. It can also decrease the activity of MDA and protein expression level of AChE, increase the activity of Ach, and increase activity and protein expression level of ChAT, SOD, and GPX in scopolamine‐treated mice. After one and a half month of intragastric administration of GAPT, echinacoside, salvianolic acid A, ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rg2, pachymic acid, and beta asarone could be absorbed into mice blood and pass through BBB. Conclusions GAPT can improve the learning and memory ability of scopolamine‐induced mice, and its mechanism may be related to protecting cholinergic neurons and reducing oxidative stress injury.

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“…For example, Astmgali Radix can reduce neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment (Huang et al, 2017). Carthami Flos seed can attenuate memory impairment induced by scopolamine in mice by ameliorating cholinergic dysfunction and oxidative stress (Kim et al, 2019). Acanthopanax senticosus extract also has a neuroprotective effect on nervous system diseases (Li et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LongShengZhi Capsule Attenuates Alzheimer-Like Pathology in APP/PS1 Double Transgenic Mice by Reducing Neuronal Oxidative Stress and Inflammation

Yin

Wang

Zheng

et al. 2020

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly. It may be caused by oxidative stress, inflammation, and cerebrovascular dysfunctions in the brain. LongShengZhi Capsule (LSZ), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been approved by the China Food and Drug Administration for treatment of patients with cardiovascular/cerebrovascular disease. LSZ contains several neuroprotective ingredients, including Hirudo, Astmgali Radix, Carthami Flos (Honghua), Persicae Semen (Taoren), Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma (Shichangpu), and Acanthopanax Senticosus (Ciwujia). In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of LSZ on the AD process. Double transgenic mice expressing the amyloid-β precursor protein and mutant human presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) to model AD were treated with LSZ for 7 months starting at 2 months of age. LSZ significantly improved the cognition of the mice without adverse effects, indicating its high degree of safety and efficacy after a long-term treatment. LSZ reduced AD biomarker Aβ plaque accumulation by inhibiting β-secretase and γ-secretase gene expression. LSZ also reduced p-Tau expression, cell death, and inflammation in the brain. Consistently, in vitro, LSZ ethanol extract enhanced neuronal viability by reducing L-glutamic acid-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in HT-22 cells. LSZ exerted antioxidative effects by enhancing superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase expression, reduced Aβ accumulation by inhibiting β-secretase and γ-secretase mRNA expression, and decreased p-Tau level by inhibiting NF-κB-mediated inflammation. It also demonstrated neuroprotective effects by regulating the Fas cell surface death receptor/B-cell lymphoma 2/p53 pathway. Taken together, our study demonstrates the antioxidative stress, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects of LSZ in the AD-like pathological process and suggests it could be a potential medicine for AD treatment.

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Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seed attenuates memory impairment induced by scopolamine in mice via regulation of cholinergic dysfunction and oxidative stress

Abstract: Safflower seed extract containing serotonin and its derivatives improves scopolamine-induced memory impairment, it could be a promising herbal medicine for the treatment of dementia.

Cited by 40 publications

References 55 publications

A Metabolic Perspective and Opportunities in Pharmacologically Important Safflower

A Metabolic Perspective and Opportunities in Pharmacologically Important Safflower

GAPT regulates cholinergic dysfunction and oxidative stress in the brains of learning and memory impairment mice induced by scopolamine

LongShengZhi Capsule Attenuates Alzheimer-Like Pathology in APP/PS1 Double Transgenic Mice by Reducing Neuronal Oxidative Stress and Inflammation

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