Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) Biochemical Properties, Yield, and Oil Content Affected by 24-Epibrassinosteroid and Genotype under Drought Stress

Abstract

The steroid hormones, including brassinosteroids, regulate plant growth under stress. It is hypothesized that 24-epibrassinosteroids (24-EBR) can affect safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) biochemical properties, crop yield, and oil content under drought stress. The objective of our study was to determine the response of three safflower genotypes (Goldasht, Faraman, and Sina) to exogenous 24-EBR (0 and 10–7 M) under drought stress, including 85, 65, and 45% of field capacity in 2015. Stress decreased chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, total chlorophyll, carotenoid, relative water content (RWC), seed yield, and oil percentage. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and proline contents increased in response to either drought stress or 24-EBR. Genotypes behaved significantly different under stress. 24-EBR significantly increased plant chlorophyll contents and oil percentage, and it significantly reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) content via increasing the proline and carotenoid contents under stress. 24-EBR can increase safflower oil and seed yield under drought stress.

A manipulative interplay between positive and negative regulators of phytohormones: A way forward for improving drought tolerance in plants

“…to DS, such as bell pepper (Khamsuk et al, 2018), cumin (Abbaspour et al, 2019), and safflower (Zafari et al, 2020).…”

“…In addition, BRs have been shown to improve RWC in tall fescue (Chen et al, 2018), bell pepper (Khamsuk et al, 2018), chickpea (Sujatha Edupuganti &Anuradha, 2019), and safflower (Zafari et al, 2020). Moreover, application of biologically active BRs compound, EBR (24‐epibrassinolide), increased the quantum yield of photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry and electron transport chain (ETC), net photosynthetic rate (NPR), and WUE in soybean (Pereira et al, 2019).…”

“…Similarly, SOD (19.7%), POD (77.4%), CAT (10.5%), APX (12.5%), GR (23.8%), and GSH (10.6%) and proline content (26.7%) and decrease in MDA (11.3%) content with application of 24‐epibrassinolide has been reported in chickpea (Edupuganti et al, 2019). Some studies have demonstrated that BRs are associated with higher antioxidant activities and less ROS production in plants exposed to DS, such as bell pepper (Khamsuk et al, 2018), cumin (Abbaspour et al, 2019), and safflower (Zafari et al, 2020).…”

An Efficient Deacidification Process for Safflower Seed Oil with High Nutritional Property through Optimized Ultrasonic-Assisted Technology

“…It can react with lipid free radicals and finally form lipid–tocopherol-derived compounds with high stability. Plant polyphenols can not only directly inhibit oil oxidation by scavenging free radicals but also indirectly inhibit oil oxidation by protecting endogenous antioxidant enzymes [ 31 ]. Phytosterol is widely used as a natural antioxidant of oil because of its strong reducibility and free radical scavenging ability for inhibiting oil oxidation [ 32 ].…”

Function Analysis of Drought Resistance Related Gene TaGAPCs and TaWRKYs in Wheat

“…Excessive production of H 2 O 2 can cause leaf cell death. In order to combat reactive oxygen damage, antioxidant enzymes are widely present in plants Systems, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) are ROS scavenging enzymes, which can further convert H 2 O 2 into H 2 O, etc., and play an important role in regulating the content of H 2 O 2 in cells Role [43,44]. In addition, proline is one of the main osmotic adjustment substances in plants.…”