Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of two regimens of Oka/Merck varicella vaccine (Varivax®) in healthy adolescents and adults

Kuter, Barbara J.; Ngai, Angela; C, Patterson; Staehle, Brenda; Cho, I; Matthews, Holly; Provost, Philip J.; White, C. J.

doi:10.1016/0264-410x(95)00046-4

Cited by 63 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…42,59,60 No published data are available on the proportion of adolescents or adults who achieve a gpELISA concentration of Ն5 U/mL after either 1 or 2 doses of varicella vaccine. Persistence of antibody over the ensuing decade in this population varies, but studies using the FAMA assay have suggested that approximately 30% of adults lose detectable antibodies over this time period.…”

Section: Immunogenicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of Varicella: Recommendations for Use of Varicella Vaccines in Children, Including a Recommendation for a Routine 2-Dose Varicella Immunization Schedule

Bocchini¹,

Baltimore²,

Bernstein³

et al. 2007

Pediatrics

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National varicella immunization coverage using the current 1-dose immunization strategy has increased among vaccine-eligible children 19 through 35 months of age from 27% in 1997 to 88% by 2005. These high immunization rates have resulted in a 71% to 84% decrease in the reported number of varicella cases, an 88% decrease in varicella-related hospitalizations, a 59% decrease in varicellarelated ambulatory care visits, and a 92% decrease in varicella-related deaths in 1-to 4-year-old children when compared with data from the prevaccine era. Despite this significant decrease, the number of reported cases of varicella has remained relatively constant during the past 5 to 6 years. Since vaccine effectiveness for prevention of disease of any severity has been 80% to 85%, a large number of cases of varicella continue to occur among people who already have received the vaccine (breakthrough varicella), and outbreaks of varicella have been reported among highly immunized populations of schoolchildren. The peak age-specific incidence has shifted from 3-to 6-year-old children in the prevaccine era to 9-to 11-year-old children in the postvaccine era for cases in both immunized and unimmunized children during these outbreaks. Outbreaks of varicella are likely to continue with the current 1-dose immunization strategy.After administration of 2 doses of varicella vaccine in children, the immune response is markedly enhanced, with Ͼ99% of children achieving an antibody concentration (determined by glycoprotein enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) of Ն5 U/mL (an approximate correlate of protection) and a marked increase in geometric mean antibody titers after the second vaccine dose. The estimated vaccine efficacy over a 10-year observation period of 2 doses for prevention of any varicella disease is 98% (compared with 94% for 1 dose), with 100% efficacy for prevention of severe disease. Recipients of 2 doses of varicella vaccine are 3.3-fold less likely to have breakthrough varicella, compared with those who are given 1 dose, during the first 10 years after immunization.To achieve greater levels of immunity with fewer serosusceptible people, greater protection against breakthrough varicella disease, and reduction in the number of outbreaks that occur nationwide among school-aged populations, a 2-dose varicella immunization strategy is now recommended for children Ն12 months of age. All clinical reports from the American Academy of Pediatrics automatically expire 5 years after publication unless reaffirmed, revised, or retired at or before that time.The guidance in this report does not indicate an exclusive course of treatment or serve as a standard of medical care. Variations, taking into account individual circumstances, may be appropriate.

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Section: Immunogenicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention of Varicella: Recommendations for Use of Varicella Vaccines in Children, Including a Recommendation for a Routine 2-Dose Varicella Immunization Schedule

Bocchini¹,

Baltimore²,

Bernstein³

et al. 2007

Pediatrics

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“…A previous history of varicella infection is 97-99% predictive of the presence of serum varicella antibodies (CDC, 1996). Routine serologic testing is not recommended for pregnant women who received 2 doses of varicella vaccine, since seroconvertion rate after the second dose of varicella immunization is as high as 99% (Kuter et al, 1995). Non-immune pregnant women should be advised to avoid exposure to chickenpox or shingles and to immediately inform healthcare workers of a potential exposure.…”

Section: Varicella Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Varicella Zoster Virus Infection in Pregnancy

Narkevičiūtė¹,

Bernatoniene²

2012

Herpesviridae - A Look Into This Unique Family of Viruses

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“…Antibodies detected within 7-10 days of contact must have been acquired before exposure. For pregnant women, who were adequately vaccinated with 2 vaccine doses, routine serologic testing cannot be recommended since 99% of persons become seropositive after the second dose of varicella vaccination [44]. Furthermore, most currently used enzyme immunoassays are too insensitive to detect vaccine-induced VZV-specific IgG class antibodies [45] and sensitive procedures such as the fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen assay or tests for the determination of the cell-mediated immune response are too laborious and/or time consuming for daily routine.…”

Section: Preventive Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of varicella-zoster virus infections in pregnant women and neonates

Sauerbrei¹

2010

Health

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Even though varicella is rare in pregnancy, the disease can lead occasionally to disastrous illnesses for both the mother and her neonate. By contrast, normal zoster is not associated with special problems during pregnancy and perinatal period. Pregnant women, who contract varicella, are at risk of varicella pneumonia which must be regarded as medical emergency. At any stage during pregnancy, chickenpox may cause intrauterine infection. The consequences for the fetus depend on the time of maternal disease. During the first two trimesters, maternal varicella may result in congenital varicella syndrome which may occur in nearly 2%. Typical symptoms are skin lesions in dermatomal distribution, neurological defects, eye diseases, and skeletal anomalies. Maternal infection near term is associated with a substantial risk of intrauterine acquired neonatal chickenpox in the neonate. If the mother develops varicella rash between day 4 (5) ante partum and day 2 post partum, generalized neonatal varicella leading to death in about 20% of the cases has to be expected. The present paper reviews the clinical consequences and the currently available concepts of prevention, diagnosis, and therapy of varicella-zoster virus infections during pregnancy.

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Safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of two regimens of Oka/Merck varicella vaccine (Varivax®) in healthy adolescents and adults

Cited by 63 publications

References 23 publications

Prevention of Varicella: Recommendations for Use of Varicella Vaccines in Children, Including a Recommendation for a Routine 2-Dose Varicella Immunization Schedule

Prevention of Varicella: Recommendations for Use of Varicella Vaccines in Children, Including a Recommendation for a Routine 2-Dose Varicella Immunization Schedule

Varicella Zoster Virus Infection in Pregnancy

Review of varicella-zoster virus infections in pregnant women and neonates

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