Safety Standards Aim to Rein in 3-D Printer Emissions

Pelley, Janet

doi:10.1021/acscentsci.8b00090

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…35 In a wider context, it is to be noted that different measurement approaches could play a role as well. This has been previously discussed by Pelley et al 52 and Byrley et al, 35 who have also pointed out the need for a standard measurement method for the characterization of 3D printer emissions. In fact, an ANSI/CAN/UL standard has been published.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Nanocluster Aerosol Emissions of a 3D Printer

Poikkimäki

Koljonen

Leskinen

et al. 2019

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Many studies exist that characterize the aerosol emissions from fused filament fabrication three-dimensional (3D) printers. However, nanocluster aerosol (NCA) particles, that is particles in a size range under 3 nm, are rarely studied. The purpose of this study was to characterize the NCA emissions and the contribution of NCA to the total particle number emissions from a 3D printer. We used a particle size magnifier and a scanning mobility particle sizer to measure the time evolution of particle size distribution, which was used to calculate the average NCA emission rates during a printer operation in a chamber. The NCA emission rates ranged from 1.4 × 10 6 to 7.3 × 10 9 s −1 depending on the applied combination of filament material and nozzle temperature, showing increasing emission with increasing temperature. The NCA emissions constitute from 9 to 48% of the total emissions, that is, almost half of the particle emissions may have been previously neglected. Therefore, it is essential to include the low NCA size range in, for example, future 3D-printer-testing protocols, emission measurement standards, and risk management measures.

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Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Nanocluster Aerosol Emissions of a 3D Printer

Poikkimäki

Koljonen

Leskinen

et al. 2019

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“… 127 , 131 , 154 The researchers point out the need for standard measurement method for characterization of 3D printer emissions. 146 , 148 , 160 There is a need for further research due to still large data gaps to estimate both particle exposure during 3D printing and the use of preventive measures to reduce exposure. 98 …”

Section: Emissions From 3d Printing Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

State of the art in additive manufacturing and its possible chemical and particle hazards—review

et al. 2021

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Additive manufacturing, enabling rapid prototyping and so‐called on‐demand production, has become a common method of creating parts or whole devices. On a 3D printer, real objects are produced layer by layer, thus creating extraordinary possibilities as to the number of applications for this type of devices. The opportunities offered by this technique seem to be pushing new boundaries when it comes to both the use of 3D printing in practice and new materials from which the 3D objects can be printed. However, the question arises whether, at the same time, this solution is safe enough to be used without limitations, wherever and by everyone. According to the scientific reports, three‐dimensional printing can pose a threat to the user, not only in terms of physical or mechanical hazards, but also through the potential emissions of chemical substances and fine particles. Thus, the presented publication collects information on the additive manufacturing, different techniques, and ways of printing with application of diverse raw materials. It presents an overview of the last 5 years’ publications focusing on 3D printing, especially regarding the potential chemical and particle emission resulting from the use of such printers in both the working environment and private spaces.

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“…The reduction in price has made desktop versions affordable for homes, schools, and libraries. But the printers’ growing prevalence has raised concerns about potential negative health effects from inhaling toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and ultrafine particles given off by the devices. , While there are workplace standards for some of the VOCs emitted by 3D printers, these are for healthy working-age adults in industrial settings; none of the compounds are regulated in schools, libraries, or homes where 3D printers may be used by sensitive populations such as children…”

Section: D Printer Emissions and Ul Standard 2904mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But the printers' growing prevalence has raised concerns about potential negative health effects from inhaling toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and ultrafine particles given off by the devices. 16,17 While there are workplace standards for some of the VOCs emitted by 3D printers, these are for healthy working-age adults in industrial settings; none of the compounds are regulated in schools, libraries, or homes where 3D printers may be used by sensitive populations such as children. 18 There is a newly released UL standard (UL 2904) for testing the particle and chemical emissions from 3D printers and filament feedstock used in classrooms, offices, libraries, residential settings, and small and medium enterprises.…”

Section: ■ 3d Printer Emissions and Ul Standard 2904mentioning

confidence: 99%