Safety practices and occupational hazards of the additive manufacturing of high entropy alloys

Abstract

Additive manufacturing (AM), often known as 3D printing, is becoming more popular in contemporary sectors for product development, prototyping, and the production of complicated, precise components. This technique provides benefits such as shorter production cycles, lower tooling costs, waste reduction, simpler customization, and new distribution options. AM has been applied in automotive, aerospace, medical devices, construction, and biomedical applications. High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are gaining research interest in materials science and engineering due to their multiple principal elements and potential for numerous compositions. These alloys present fundamental issues that challenge conventional theories, models, and methods. Recent studies in HEAs address phase formation, novel properties, and structural and functional potential, making HEAs promising candidates for several applications. Layer-by-layer construction of intricate structures using high-entropy alloys requires melting metal powders with lasers or other heat sources. However, AM in high-entropy alloys poses unique safety issues. This review's ultimate goal is to raise awareness of the occupational hazards associated with additive manufacturing and provide practical solutions for safe and efficient operations. It serves as an interesting call to action for employers, workers, and regulators to prioritize safety practices in the growing field of additive manufacturing of high-entropy alloys, ultimately leading to a safer and more sustainable workplace.