Safety of use of colouring agents in animal nutrition - Part III: ß-apo-8’-carotenal, ethyl ester of ß-apo-8’-carotenoic acid, lutein, zeaxanthin and concluding remarks

,

doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2009.1098

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 83 publications

(89 reference statements)

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“…Last are synthetic sources, used in the poultry industry to manipulate the carotenoid content of egg yolk. Except apo-ester exclusively present in synthetic form ( EFSA FEEDAP Panel, 2009 ), other carotenoids are mainly chemically synthesized for commercial reasons and available from different companies. Among them are synthetic zeaxanthin ( EFSA FEEDAP Panel, 2009 ), synthetic canthaxanthin ( EFSA FEEDAP Panel, 2014 ), and synthetic lycopene ( An et al., 2019 ).…”

Section: Regulations and Sources Of Carotenoids Used For Egg Enrichmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carotenoid enrichment in eggs: From biochemistry perspective

Dansou

Zhang

et al. 2023

Animal Nutrition

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Section: Regulations and Sources Of Carotenoids Used For Egg Enrichmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carotenoid enrichment in eggs: From biochemistry perspective

Dansou

Zhang

et al. 2023

Animal Nutrition

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“…The absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) of lutein and zeaxanthin has already been assessed by the FEEDAP Panel in 2009(EFSA, 2009. A summary of the relevant information is given below.…”

Section: Safetymentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety and efficacy of lutein and lutein/zeaxanthin extracts from Tagetes erecta for poultry for fattening and laying (except turkeys)

Additives¹,

Bampidis²,

Azimonti³

et al. 2019

EFS2

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The Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) evaluated (i) lutein from a saponified extract from Tagetes erecta obtained via extraction and saponification (lutein not less than 85% of total carotenoids (TC)) and (ii) lutein/zeaxanthin extract from Tagetes erecta obtained via extraction, saponification and isomerisation (lutein not less than 45% and zeaxanthin not less than 35% of TC). The maximum proposed use level of 80 mg TC from saponified Tagetes extract/ kg complete feed for chickens for fattening and laying hens is safe for these animal categories. This conclusion can be extrapolated to minor poultry species for fattening and laying. The conclusions on saponified Tagetes extract for poultry for fattening and laying are extended to the saponified/ isomerised Tagetes extract. The maximum use level of the saponified/isomerised Tagetes extract in breeding minor poultry should not exceed 50 mg TC/kg feed, considering the toxicological potential of zeaxanthin on reproduction. The saponified Tagetes extract is not genotoxic. This conclusion is extended to the saponified/isomerised Tagetes extract. Consumer exposure related to the consumption of animal products is very low compared to the exposure from other sources. The active substance is a viscous paste and may be irritant to skin and eyes; no exposure by inhalation is expected. In the absence of data, the Panel cannot conclude on the safety for the user of commercial preparations. The use of Tagetes extracts in poultry feed raised no concern for the environment. Tagetes extracts at levels up to the proposed maximum use level of 80 mg TC/kg complete feed have the potential to colour the egg yolk of laying hens and the skin of chickens for fattening. This conclusion is extended to minor poultry species for laying and for fattening. The use of the additive in feed and water for drinking is considered bioequivalent.

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Enrichment efficiency of lutein in eggs and its function in improving fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome in aged laying hens

Dansou,

Chen,

et al. 2024

Poultry Science

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Safety of use of colouring agents in animal nutrition - Part III: ß-apo-8’-carotenal, ethyl ester of ß-apo-8’-carotenoic acid, lutein, zeaxanthin and concluding remarks

Cited by 3 publications

References 83 publications

Carotenoid enrichment in eggs: From biochemistry perspective

Carotenoid enrichment in eggs: From biochemistry perspective

Safety and efficacy of lutein and lutein/zeaxanthin extracts from Tagetes erecta for poultry for fattening and laying (except turkeys)

Enrichment efficiency of lutein in eggs and its function in improving fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome in aged laying hens

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