Safety of the Blood Supply in Latin America

Schmuñis, Gabriel A.; Cruz, J. R.

doi:10.1128/cmr.18.3.582.2005

Cited by 31 publications

(52 citation statements)

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“…Due to asymptomatic parasitemia, which may be maintained for many years, blood transfusions have become an important form of transmission of the disease in some areas of endemicity. The risk of transmission of the infection after transfusion of a contaminated blood unit has been estimated to be around 20% (328). The first report of transmission via an infected blood transfusion was in Brazil in 1952, and since then, there have been at least 200 declared cases in Latin America (269,329).…”

Section: Diagnostic Methods (I) Parasitological Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seroprevalence rates in blood banks have been found to vary according to different areas. Screening tests for T. cruzi are still not performed in all blood donors in some countries where this disease is endemic (328,330), although routine screening of organ donors has been established. In the United States, seroprevalence rates among asymptomatic blood donors vary depending on the area, with an increased rate in areas where there is a significant number of immigrants from countries where the disease is endemic.…”

Section: Diagnostic Methods (I) Parasitological Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transmission of Tropical and Geographically Restricted Infections during Solid-Organ Transplantation

et al. 2008

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SUMMARY In recent years, the increasing number of donors from different regions of the world is providing a new challenge for the management and selection of suitable donors. This is a worldwide problem in most countries with transplantation programs, especially due to the increase in immigration and international travel. This paper elaborates recommendations regarding the selection criteria for donors from foreign countries who could potentially transmit tropical or geographically restricted infections to solid-organ transplant recipients. For this purpose, an extensive review of the medical literature focusing on viral, fungal, and parasitic infections that could be transmitted during transplantation from donors who have lived or traveled in countries where these infections are endemic has been performed, with special emphasis on tropical and imported infections. The review also includes cases described in the literature as well as risks of transmission during transplantation, microbiological tests available, and recommendations for each infection. A table listing different infectious agents with their geographic distributions and specific recommendations is included.

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Section: Diagnostic Methods (I) Parasitological Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diagnostic Methods (I) Parasitological Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transmission of Tropical and Geographically Restricted Infections during Solid-Organ Transplantation

et al. 2008

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“…However, other issues, including emergent pathogens and natural disasters are of concern (1,24,25,32,34,50,59,60,89,128,141,161). Disease transmission and adverse reactions from misstransfusions remain problematic even with best practices in place (30,103,129,133,161). These and other factors have led to a cost explosion in the industry (105), with the price of blood units increasing significantly in recent years (7,11,134).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Recombinant Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers

Varnado

Mollan

Birukou

et al. 2013

Antioxidants & Redox Signaling

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Significance: The worldwide blood shortage has generated a significant demand for alternatives to whole blood and packed red blood cells for use in transfusion therapy. One such alternative involves the use of acellular recombinant hemoglobin (Hb) as an oxygen carrier. Recent Advances: Large amounts of recombinant human Hb can be expressed and purified from transgenic Escherichia coli. The physiological suitability of this material can be enhanced using protein-engineering strategies to address specific efficacy and toxicity issues. Mutagenesis of Hb can (i) adjust dioxygen affinity over a 100-fold range, (ii) reduce nitric oxide (NO) scavenging over 30-fold without compromising dioxygen binding, (iii) slow the rate of autooxidation, (iv) slow the rate of hemin loss, (v) impede subunit dissociation, and (vi) diminish irreversible subunit denaturation. Recombinant Hb production is potentially unlimited and readily subjected to current good manufacturing practices, but may be restricted by cost. Acellular Hb-based O 2 carriers have superior shelf-life compared to red blood cells, are universally compatible, and provide an alternative for patients for whom no other alternative blood products are available or acceptable. Critical Issues: Remaining objectives include increasing Hb stability, mitigating iron-catalyzed and iron-centered oxidative reactivity, lowering the rate of hemin loss, and lowering the costs of expression and purification. Although many mutations and chemical modifications have been proposed to address these issues, the precise ensemble of mutations has not yet been identified. Future Directions: Future studies are aimed at selecting various combinations of mutations that can reduce NO scavenging, autooxidation, oxidative degradation, and denaturation without compromising O 2 delivery, and then investigating their suitability and safety in vivo. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 18, 2314-2328.

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“…El hecho de que la prevalencia de infección por el virus de la hepatitis B y VIH haya disminuido drásticamente en el grupo transfundido después de 1995, se explica por el incremento en la cobertura de tamización, el cual paso de 96% para VIH y 96,7% para virus de la hepatitis B, a 99,99% para ambos marcadores, como se ha demostrado en el seguimiento de estas prevalencias (41).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Seroprevalencia de infección por virus de la hepatitis B y por virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana en una población de pacientes con múltiples transfusiones en cuatro hospitales, Colombia, Sur América

et al. 2009

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Seroprevalencia de infección por virus de la hepatitis B y por virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana en una población de pacientes con múltiples transfusiones en cuatro hospitales, Colombia, Sur América Introducción. Aunque la transfusión de componentes sanguíneos es una terapia ampliamente utilizada, representa un riesgo de transmisión de agentes infecciosos. Objetivo. Como parte de la iniciativa sobre sangre segura promovida por la Organización Panamericana de la Salud, se realizó un estudio para estimar la seroprevalencia de infección por virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana y virus de la hepatitis B en pacientes con múltiples transfusiones en Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Entre febrero y septiembre de 2003, se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal de 500 pacientes con múltiples transfusiones, seleccionados en cuatro hospitales de las ciudades de Bogotá y Medellín. Las muestras de suero obtenidas se analizaron por inmunoensayo con estuches comerciales.Resultados. La frecuencia de seropositividad para el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana fue de 1,8%, (IC95% 0,5-3,1). La frecuencia de seropositividad para el virus de la hepatitis B fue de 18,6% (IC95% 15,1-22,1). Los principales factores de riesgo fueron: recibir más de 48 unidades de sangre o componentes, tener diagnóstico de hemofilia, recibir transfusiones por un período mayor de un año, recibir sangre total, tener coinfección por virus de la hepatitis C y haber sido transfundido antes de 1993. Conclusiones. Este es el primer estudio epidemiológico realizado en Colombia con un número significativo de pacientes con múltiples transfusiones. El hallazgo más relevante es la elevada prevalencia de infección por virus de la hepatitis B y virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana observado en la población de hemofílicos, comparado con los otros cuatro grupos de pacientes con múltiples transfusiones. Palabras clave: transfusión sanguínea, VIH, virus de la hepatitis B, factores de riesgo, Colombia Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus infection in a population of multiply-transfused patients in ColombiaIntroduction. Although the transfusion of blood products is a common therapy, it carries risk of transmission of infections, especially hepatitus B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).Objective. As part of the blood safety initiative, the Pan American Health Organization supported studies to estimate the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus infection in Colombia. Results. The seroprevalence of HIV infection was 1.8% (CI 95% 0.5-3.1). The seroprevalence of HBV infection was 18.6% (CI 95% 15.1-22.1). Six risk factors were associated with HIV and HBV infection: (1) receiving more than 48 units of blood or blood components, (2) diagnosis of hemophilia, (3) receiving transfusions for more than one year, (4) receiving whole blood, (5) coinfection with hepatitis C virus and (6) receiving transfusions before 1993.Conclusions. This is the first epidemiological study with a significant sample size performed i...

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Safety of the Blood Supply in Latin America

Cited by 31 publications

References 0 publications

Transmission of Tropical and Geographically Restricted Infections during Solid-Organ Transplantation

Transmission of Tropical and Geographically Restricted Infections during Solid-Organ Transplantation

Development of Recombinant Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers

Seroprevalencia de infección por virus de la hepatitis B y por virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana en una población de pacientes con múltiples transfusiones en cuatro hospitales, Colombia, Sur América

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