Safety of medicine and the use of animals in research

Archibald, Kathy; Baxter, Anthony D.; Bérubé, Kelly Ann; Bunton, David; Clotworthy, Margaret; Coleman, B A Eliza; Foster, Christopher S.; Hillier, Chris; McFarlane, Morag; Patel, Anup; Pierscionek, Barbara K.; Root, James; Thomas, Gerry; Tsaioun, Katya; Wilkinson, John M; Wilmut, Ian; Wright, Karen L.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(11)61669-3

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The harmful effects on animal welfare is one main concern (Hartung, 2011). Another big problem is that the accuracy of animal tests for toxicity of chemicals or pharmaceuticals is rather low (Archibald et al, 2011). In addition, classical toxicity testing is very time consuming and expensive which led to the so-called disaggregation issue.…”

Section: Practical Implications For Chemical Hazards or Genetically Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rationale behind this is the above mentioned poor predictive value of animal experiments and the effects on animal welfare (Archibald et al, 2011).…”

Section: The Use Of Human Cell Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of this, there is much concern on adverse drug reactions which have reaches epidemic proportions. The European Commission estimated in 2008 that adverse drug reactions kill 197,000 EU citizens annually (Archibald et al, 2011). The ToxCast project showed that not only humans and rats but also rabbits and rats differ often in their response to toxicants, in this case developmental toxicants (Knudsen et al, 2013).…”

Section: The Use Of Human Cell Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A foresight study on emerging technologies: State of the art of Omics technologies and potential applications in food and feed safety

Pielaat

Barker

Hendriksen

et al. 2013

EFSA Supporting Publications

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Suggested citation: Pielaat A, Barker GC, Hendriksen P, Peijnenburg A and Kuile BH, 2013. A foresight study on emerging technologies: State of the art of omics technologies and potential applications in food and feed safety. REPORT 1: Review on the state of art of omics technologies in risk assessment related to food and feed safety. EFSA supporting publication 2013:EN-495, 126 pp. ABSTRACTThis report consists of a review of the available scientific evidence on the state of art of omics technologies with a particular focus on applications in the area of food and feed safety. The report gives a description of the different types of omics technologies with respect to recent progresses made on the application of these techniques in chemical and microbiological risk assessment. Hereto, case studies were selected in order to cover different areas under the remit of EFSA. In this review each case study has been investigated with respect to its hazard, experimental methodologies, (statistical) data analysis and its link to food/feed safety risk assessment. Finally, the added value of omics technologies as compared to classical risk assessment and current limitations of omics technologies for their application in chemical and microbiological food safety risk assessment has been discussed. This investigation shows that most of the studies on chemical agents focus on mode of action identification and a search for biomarkers using transcriptomics. As for microbial food safety, omics have not yet been successfully applied often. When applied, they never target the host, but focus on aspects of the pathogen, e.g. in detection or source attribution.

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Section: Practical Implications For Chemical Hazards or Genetically Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rationale behind this is the above mentioned poor predictive value of animal experiments and the effects on animal welfare (Archibald et al, 2011).…”

Section: The Use Of Human Cell Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Use Of Human Cell Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A foresight study on emerging technologies: State of the art of Omics technologies and potential applications in food and feed safety

Pielaat

Barker

Hendriksen

et al. 2013

EFSA Supporting Publications

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“…The final product is a recapitulated BE for use in inhalation toxicology applications. (20). These pathways are also important in environmental science, since xenobiotic metabolism of micro-organisms can determine whether pollutants will be broken down during bio-remediation or will persist in the environment.…”

Section: The Element Of Biotransformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical Waste Tissues — Breathing Life back into Respiratory Research

Bérubé

2013

Alternatives to Laboratory Animals

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With the advent of biobanks to store human lung cells and tissues from patient donations and from the procurement of medical waste tissues, it is now possible to integrate (both spatially and temporally) cells into anatomically-correct and physiologically-functional tissues. Modern inhalation toxicology relies on human data on exposure and adverse effects, to determine the most appropriate risk assessments and mitigations for beneficial respiratory health. A point in case is the recapitulation of airway tissue, such as the bronchial epithelium, to investigate the impact of air pollution on human respiratory health. The bronchi are the first point of contact for inhaled substances that bypass defences in the upper respiratory tract. Animal models have been used to resolve such inhalation toxicology hazards. However, the access to medical waste tissues has enabled the Lung Particle Research Group to tissue-engineer the Micro-Lung™ and Metabo-Lung™ cell culture models, as alternatives to animals in basic research and in the safety testing of aerosolised consumer goods. The former model favours investigations focused on lung injury and repair mechanisms, and the latter model provides the element of metabolism, through the co-culturing of lung and liver (hepatocyte) cells. These innovations represent examples of the animal-free alternatives advocated by the 21st century toxicology paradigm, whereby human-derived cell/tissue data will lead to more-accurate and more-reliable public health risk assessments and therapeutic mitigations (e.g. exposure to ambient air pollutants and adverse drug reactions) for lung disease.

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“…Both these factors limit where research can be conducted and the type of experimentation that can take place. Furthermore, animal tests may not be as reproducible as better controlled alternatives, potentially inhibiting medical advances (2) (3) and animal models do not offer an adequate representation of the human body or disease, which results in wasted resources and expense in clinical trials (4). This will become particularly pertinent with the development of personalised medicine and as drugs become targeted towards individual human physiologies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell morphology and growth observation studies on novel, chemically unmodified and patterned polymer surfaces for advanced tissue culture applications

Trease

Longman

Augousti

et al. 2017

Polymer

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Please cite this article as: Trease CH, Longman MR, Augousti AT, Foot PJS, Pierscionek B, Cell morphology and growth observation studies on novel, chemically unmodified and patterned polymer surfaces for advanced tissue culture applications, Polymer (2017), doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.12.032. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Electrohydrodynamic instability patterningPrinted polymer surfaces Cell Specific interactions. M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT AbstractCreation of more physiologically relevant cell models in tissue culture is a requisite for advancing medical research. It can involve complex substrates, expensive manufacturing and largely inaccessible methods of increasing surface energy and patterning of materials that may be unnecessary in manycircumstances. An array of various different adherent cell lines (human, mammalian, healthy and disease states) were grown on simple sterilised but otherwise untreated thin film surfaces as well as on electro-hydrodynamically patterned surfaces to produce topographically patterned culture surfaces.Room temperature cure epoxy resin and unmodified poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) thin film surfaces were used for cell growth and morphological observations. Differing responses in growth, morphology and adherence were observed in a surface-and cell-specific manner. With no complex and expensive modifications required, we demonstrate the application of novel, suitable and easily patterned materials for use in more advanced tissue culture applications for a variety of clinically relevant cell lines showing unique responses and potentially new and wide-reaching applications.

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Safety of medicine and the use of animals in research

Cited by 4 publications

References 2 publications

A foresight study on emerging technologies: State of the art of Omics technologies and potential applications in food and feed safety

A foresight study on emerging technologies: State of the art of Omics technologies and potential applications in food and feed safety

Medical Waste Tissues — Breathing Life back into Respiratory Research

Cell morphology and growth observation studies on novel, chemically unmodified and patterned polymer surfaces for advanced tissue culture applications

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