Safety of intrastromal injection of polyhexamethylene biguanide and propamidine isethionate in a rabbit model

Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride (PHMB)-based materials: synthesis, modification, properties, determination, and application

“…237–240 By studying the safety of PHMB for treating AK through intrastromal injection in a rabbit model, Lim and coworkers found that the 0.02% usage caused significant adverse effects, including corneal epithelial erosion, corneal edema, and severe neovascularization, whereas 0.01% PHMB was safe and non-toxic for the corneal cells. 241 However, the delivery of PHMB to the cornea was difficult in the treatment of AK. The enhanced permeability of PHMB was expected to reduce the usage, thereby minimizing the adverse effects.…”

Transient Atomization Modeling and Optimal Design of a Medical Air-Compressing Nebulizer

“…The number "2.0-1.0" in Fig. 4 represents that the maximum size of the shell mesh is 2.0 mm 3 , and the maximum size of the core part mesh is 1.0 mm 3 . So does others in the legend of Fig.…”

“…A medical nebulizer is one of the auxiliary instruments to treat respiratory diseases. Regarding the traditional treatments of respiratory diseases such as oral drugs and intravenous injections [3,4], patients absorb medicine slowly and are likely to cause some side effects [5]. Therefore, using a medical nebulizer to supply atomized medicine to the respiratory tract and lungs is a more effective, fast, and safe way to treat the respiratory diseases.…”

Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase of Acanthamoeba castellanii participates in resistance to polyhexamethylene biguanide treatment

“…Patients with AK have been treated effectively over the last two decades with topical biguanides; however, current therapy requires surgical intervention because of the failure of medical treatment [ 15 ]. Polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) is a polymeric biguanide used as a disinfectant and antiseptic for patients with AK [ 19 , 22 ]. PHMB is effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli , Candida albicans , and Aspergillus brasiliensis [ 2 , 13 , 26 , 38 , 39 ].…”

“…PHMB contains highly charged positive molecules that bind to the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane, which is negatively charged, causing penetration, damage, cell lysis, and death of the pathogens [ 21 ]. A previous study showed that 0.01% PHMB could not induce obvious corneal toxicity but lysed Acanthamoeba after treatment in vitro [ 10 , 22 ]. Combined AK treatment with propamidine, neomycin, and PHMB reduced pain in all patients within 2–4 weeks [ 36 ].…”