“…Many healthcare markets are moving toward greater provider integration and regional consolidation (Christianson, Carlin, & Warrick, 2014; Cunningham, Felland, & Stark, 2012). Accountable Care Organizations have emerged as a virtually integrated alternative to regional systems (Cunningham, Felland, & Stark, 2012; Neuhausen, Grumbach, Bazemore, & Phillips, 2012), but they are often designed to address shared risk by focusing on insured populations (Hacker, Santos, Thompson, Stout, Bearse, et al, 2014; Hall, 2013). It is unclear how payor reforms or other changes to the healthcare landscape will impact virtual provider networks formed by programs, like BSPAN, that contract with local organizations to provide access to clinical procedures for uninsured populations.…”