Safety Issues Regarding the Detection of Antibiotics Residues, Microbial Indicators and Somatic Cell Counts in Ewes’ and Goats’ Milk Reared in Two Different Farming Systems

Rozos, Georgios; Skoufos, Ioannis; Fotou, Konstantina; Alexopoulos, Athanasios; Tsinas, Anastasios; Bezirtzoglou, Eugenia; Tzora, Athina; Voidarou, C.

doi:10.3390/app12031009

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 89 publications

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“…Strict enforcement of regulations and the application of continuous assessments for detection of residues in animal products in the country motivate farmers to maintain withdrawal periods after antibiotic use. Nevertheless, a recent study in Greece reported that in 12.1% of raw milk samples from sheep, antibiotic residues were detected [ 20 ], which is higher than the proportion of farmers skipping withdrawal periods. Hence, it becomes evident that although the majority of farmers would observe withdrawal periods, residues may still be detected in milk, as the result of other mistakes during usage of antibiotic products, potentially highlighting the need for the determination of accurate bodyweight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Antibiotics against Bacterial Infections on Dairy Sheep and Goat Farms: Patterns of Usage and Associations with Health Management and Human Resources

Lianou

Fthenakis

2022

Antibiotics

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The objectives of the study were (a) to describe the patterns of antibiotic usage against four major clinical problems and (b) to evaluate factors that were associated with their use on small ruminant farms. Sheep and goat farmers mostly administered the antibiotics to animals at the dose prescribed (80.4%) and observed the necessary withdrawal period (98.7%), but fewer farmers (22.3%) weighed the animals to calculate their bodyweight before antibiotic administration. For the treatment of clinical mastitis, oxytetracycline, penicillin and streptomycin were the antibiotics used more frequently; 2.03 different antibiotics were used per sheep flock and 2.06 per goat herd, most frequently administered in injectable forms (88.8% of farms). In cases of abortion, oxytetracycline was administered more frequently; 1.12 different antibiotics were used per sheep flock and 1.03 per goat herd. In 94 farms (21.2%), routine administration of antibiotics was performed to newborns; oxytetracycline and ampicillin were administered more often. For the treatment of pneumonia in newborns, oxytetracycline, penicillin and tulathromycin were used more frequently; 1.33 antibiotics were used per sheep flock and 1.29 per goat herd. For the treatment of diarrhoea in lambs and kids, oxytetracycline, amoxicillin and penicillin were the antibiotics used more frequently; 1.34 antibiotics were used per sheep flock and 1.59 per goat herd. Results of multivariable analyses indicated 16 variables associated with the various outcomes for usage of antibiotics for the treatment of the above clinical problems. Of these, 11 variables were associated with the farmers: education of farmers was significant for three outcomes; the age, the experience, the professional involvement and farming family tradition of farmers and the daily period spent at the farm were each significant for one outcome.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Antibiotics against Bacterial Infections on Dairy Sheep and Goat Farms: Patterns of Usage and Associations with Health Management and Human Resources

Lianou

Fthenakis

2022

Antibiotics

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Antibiotic resistance of microorganisms isolated from cows with subclinical mastitis

Vygovska¹,

Bhattacharya²,

Ушкалов³

et al. 2023

Ukrainian journal of veterinary sciences

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Cow mastitis is a polyetiological disease involving pathogenic microorganisms. Antibiotics are used to treat sick animals, which contributes to the development of resistant clones of bacteria, and consumption of the corresponding milk leads to the spread of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms. The purpose of the work is to determine strains of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the milk of cows suffering from subclinical mastitis. Bacteriological studies of mammary gland secretion samples were performed by inoculating the sediment obtained after centrifugation of the examined material on an agarised nutrient medium (with 5% ram erythrocytes). The study of antimicrobial sensitivity was performed by the disk diffusion method. It was established that pathogens with multiple resistance to antibiotics circulate among cows suffering from mastitis on the farm, which indicates their indiscriminate use in animal therapy schemes, in particular mastitis. It was found that the overall level of phenotypic resistance to antimicrobial agents of the examined isolates was within 19-33% (in Staphylococcus spp. – 19.9%, in E. coli – 33.2%, in Enterococcus spp. – 32.5%). The analysis of the results allowed assigning the culture study to the category of multiresistant: 31.6% of cultures of Staphylococcus spp. demonstrated resistance to five groups of antibiotics; 54.5% of Escherichia cultures – up to five groups of antibiotics; 37.5% of cultures of Enterococcus spp. resistant to three groups of antibiotics. It was established that 100% of the studied cultures of Staphylococcus spp. are sensitive to netilmicin, sparfloxacin, gatifloxacin and clarithromycin. Therewith, 100% of the examined cultures of Enterococcus spp. sensitive to gentamicin, norfloxacin, and nitrofurantoin, and 100% of the examined E. coli cultures were sensitive to cephalothin, meropenem, gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, nitroxoline, and gatifloxacin. Thus, dairy cows suffering from subclinical mastitis are a source of bacteria with multiple resistance to antibiotics and carry risks for consumers due to the consumption of dairy products contaminated with pathogens of zoonotic diseases, which requires proper control by veterinary service specialists

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The Assessment of Antimicrobial and Anti-Biofilm Activity of Essential Oils against Staphylococcus aureus Strains

et al. 2023

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The increase in antimicrobial resistance and tolerance over the years has become a serious public health problem, leading to the inevitable development of alternative antimicrobial agents as substitutes for industrial pharmaceutical antibiotics targeting humans and animals under the concept of one health. Essential oils (EOs) extracted from aromatic and pharmaceutical plants incorporate several bioactive compounds (phytochemicals) that positively affect human and animal health. Herein, this work aimed to examine a standardized chemical composition and screen the antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity of Thymus sibthorpii, Origanum vulgare, Salvia fruticosa, and Crithmum maritimum EOs against three different Staphylococcus aureus strains by gold-standard disc diffusion, broth microdilution, and microtiter plate biofilm assays. Therefore, the evaluation of the above-mentioned EOs were considered as substitutes for antibiotics to combat the ever-mounting antimicrobial resistance problem. The observed bacterial growth inhibition varied significantly depending on the type and concentration of the antimicrobials. Thymus sibthorpii was determined as the strongest antimicrobial, with 0.091 mg/mL minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and a 14–33 mm diameter inhibition zone at 5% (v/v) concentration. All tested EOs indicated almost 95% inhibition of biofilm formation at their half MIC, while gentamicin sulfate did not show sufficient anti-biofilm activity. None of the methicillin-resistant strains showed resistance to the EOs compared to methicillin-sensitive strains. Thymus sibthorpii and Origanum vulgare could be potential alternatives as antimicrobial agents to overcome the problem of microbial resistance. The tested EOs might be incorporated into antimicrobial products as safe and potent antimicrobial and anti-biofilm agents.

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Safety Issues Regarding the Detection of Antibiotics Residues, Microbial Indicators and Somatic Cell Counts in Ewes’ and Goats’ Milk Reared in Two Different Farming Systems

Cited by 3 publications

References 89 publications

Use of Antibiotics against Bacterial Infections on Dairy Sheep and Goat Farms: Patterns of Usage and Associations with Health Management and Human Resources

Use of Antibiotics against Bacterial Infections on Dairy Sheep and Goat Farms: Patterns of Usage and Associations with Health Management and Human Resources

Antibiotic resistance of microorganisms isolated from cows with subclinical mastitis

The Assessment of Antimicrobial and Anti-Biofilm Activity of Essential Oils against Staphylococcus aureus Strains

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