Safety issues of current analgesics: an update

Cazacu, Irina; Mogoşan, Cristina; Loghin, Felicia

doi:10.15386/cjmed-413

Cited by 47 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…This class of drugs acts mainly through the inhibition COX (cyclooxygenase) synthesis, this then leads to a decreased in the synthesis of prostaglandin [35]. Being widely diffused, NSAIDs are often used in combination with further on-going treatments, leading to final effects dependent on drug-drug interactions [1]. However, prescribers should take into account the intrinsic risk of NSAIDs' ADRs ( Table 2).…”

Section: Nsaidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pain relief, both for acute and chronic pain, is an important aspect of modern medicine and healthcare services [1]. Pain is defined as 'an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage' by the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) [2]: as such, it strongly worsens the quality of life of patients and remains one of the most common reasons for using health care services [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pain is defined as 'an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage' by the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) [2]: as such, it strongly worsens the quality of life of patients and remains one of the most common reasons for using health care services [1]. Pain relief drugs in the form of analgesics represent one of the most commonly used medications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pain relief drugs in the form of analgesics represent one of the most commonly used medications. While analgesics may include different therapeutic active compounds, covering specific pain relief needs, opioid medications and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) remain the most commonly used analgesics [1,3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pharmacovigilance of the Analgesic Therapy

Ussai¹

2017

Pain Relief - From Analgesics to Alternative Therapies

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Analgesics, the cornerstone for the alleviation of both acute and chronic pain, represent one of the most used classes of medications. While they are essential for the improvement of patients' quality of life, analgesic use is often associated with adverse drug reactions (ADRs) that might affect their usability in particular clinical situations. This indicates that a detailed knowledge of analgesic-derived ADRs is essential for the planning of an efficient pain relief strategy. This chapter reviews the ADRs associated with the two most commonly used analgesic classes, opioid and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID), discussing their common adverse effects and how these can influence their usability in clinical applications. With the publication in recent years of more and more long-term studies, this chapter also provides an overview of the potential risks of long-term analgesic use. This is particularly important for opioid analgesics, whose chronic use can lead to analgesic tolerance and addiction. A full description of potential problems deriving from analgesic use represents the first step in optimizing protocols for its safe application in clinical settings.

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Section: Nsaidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pharmacovigilance of the Analgesic Therapy

Ussai¹

2017

Pain Relief - From Analgesics to Alternative Therapies

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“…Hence, the development of analgesics with minimal side effects is still ongoing. 1 In this respect, phenolic compounds have gained attention in pain management. Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is a natural bioactive phenolic compound which is widely distributed and present in tasty plants used traditionally.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Involvement of NO–cGMP–ATP Sensitive K+ Channels Pathway in Protocatechuic Acid Peripheral Analgesia

Bektaş¹,

Arslan²

2017

IJPER

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Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is a widely distributed natural bioactive phenolic acid. The various pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activities have been identified. However, the studies focused on the analgesic effect of protocatechuic acid are limited and the action mechanisms of PCA still remain unclear. The NO-cGMP-ATP-sensitive K + channels pathway is one of the mechanism of action for various analgesic drugs. The present study was conducted to investigate the involvement of NO-cGMP-ATP sensitive K + channels pathway in analgesic effect of p.o. administration of 300 mg/kg protocatechuic acid in acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice. It was shown that pre-treatment with glibenclamide (10 mg/kg, i.p.), an ATPsensitive K + channel blocker, and methylene blue (20 mg/kg, i.p.), a guanylate cyclase inhibitor, did not notably change antinociception produced by 300 mg/kg protocatechuic acid, however administration of nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (10 mg/kg, i.p.), a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, significantly reversed protocatechuic acid antinociception. The results show that the peripheral mechanism of action of protocatechuic acid-induced antinociception involved another nitric oxide related pain pathway, not NO-cGMP-ATP sensitive K + channels pathway.

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Metamizole (Dipyrone) and the Liver: A Review of the Literature

Lutz

2019

The Journal of Clinical Pharma

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Metamizole, also known as dipyrone, was introduced to the market nearly a century ago. Due to its excellent analgesic, antipyretic, and spasmolytic properties combined with its mostly favorable gastrointestinal tolerability, the drug was extensively applied worldwide during the first decades after its market introduction. Although rare, agranulocytosis is a well‐known adverse event of metamizole and led to its withdrawal from the market in a number of countries beginning in the 1960s. Nevertheless, metamizole is still a frequently used drug worldwide either legally (by prescription in some countries, over the counter in other countries) or without official approval (especially by immigrants knowing the drug from their home countries) or even illegally (due to its growing application as an adulterant in illicit drugs). Metamizole undergoes extensive metabolism in the liver and cases of potential metamizole‐associated hepatotoxicity have been described. Here, the literature is extensively reviewed for the first time regarding hepatic effects associated with the use of metamizole.

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Safety issues of current analgesics: an update

Cited by 47 publications

References 95 publications

Pharmacovigilance of the Analgesic Therapy

Pharmacovigilance of the Analgesic Therapy

The Involvement of NO–cGMP–ATP Sensitive K+ Channels Pathway in Protocatechuic Acid Peripheral Analgesia

Metamizole (Dipyrone) and the Liver: A Review of the Literature

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