Safety, immunogenicity, and lot stability of the whole cell/recombinant B subunit (WC/rCTB) cholera vaccine in Peruvian adults and children.

Taylor, David N.; Cárdenas, Vicky; Pérez, Juan J.; Puga, Romulo; Svennerholm, Ann Mari

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1999.61.869

Cited by 29 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Other studies have found immune responses to the killed oral vaccine in developing countries to be weaker [15] but immune responses to live oral vaccine to be stronger, although these responses did not translate into long-term protection [16]. It is noteworthy that vibriocidal antibody levels in the P group in the present study were greater than the antibody levels seen in the previous study in Bangladesh [1], and the response after the first vaccine dose was robust in all groups.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

Supplementation with Zinc, but Not Vitamin A, Improves Seroconversion to Vibriocidal Antibody in Children Given an Oral Cholera Vaccine

et al. 2003

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To investigate whether micronutrient supplementation could improve the vibriocidal antibody response of children to a killed oral cholera vaccine, 2-5-year-old children were randomly assigned to receive vitamin A and zinc (AZ group), vitamin A and a placebo (A group), zinc and a placebo (Z group), or both placebos (P group). All children received 2 doses of the vaccine. The number of children who had a у4-fold increase in vibriocidal antibody was significantly greater in the AZ group than in the P group ( ). Factorial P p .025-.028 analysis suggested that the proportion of children with a у4-fold increase in vibriocidal antibody titer was significantly greater in the zinc-supplemented groups than in the groups that did not receive zinc (P p ) and that vitamin A supplementation did not have a significant effect. Thus, supplementation with .013-.048 zinc improves seroconversion to vibriocidal antibody and, hence, has the potential to improve the efficacy of oral cholera vaccine in children.The protective efficacy of a killed oral cholera vaccine [1] and serum vibriocidal antibody levels [2], a marker of protection against cholera, have been found to be low in 2-5-year-old children (the age group most susceptible to cholera) in Bangladesh. Some vaccines stimulate a better immune response in populations in developed countries than in those in developing countries

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 57%

Supplementation with Zinc, but Not Vitamin A, Improves Seroconversion to Vibriocidal Antibody in Children Given an Oral Cholera Vaccine

et al. 2003

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“…Few direct comparisons have been made of the differences in vibriocidal responses to OCV between younger and older children. In immunogenicity studies of WC-rBS in Peruvian children, younger and older children had comparable seroconversion rates 14 days after the second dose of vaccine (39). In our study, we similarly found no differences in vibriocidal responses between younger and older vaccinated children although a subanalysis disclosed that the youngest children (defined as Յ4 years of age) were less able to mount a vibriocidal response than older children.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…In individuals with wild-type V. cholerae infection, we have recently shown that levels of V. cholerae antigen-specific memory B cells are comparable between younger children and older children and adults (22), suggesting that an optimal vaccination strategy could theoretically induce protective immunity in both younger and older children. Despite a number of studies evaluating serological parameters of OCV immunogenicity in children (5,12,39) and one of MBC responses to OCV in adults (2), there are currently no data on memory B cell responses in children receiving oral cholera vaccination. Therefore, the aims of this study were to evaluate acute-phase immune responses in pediatric recipients of an OCV, including characterizing memory B cell responses, and to compare these responses with those seen in children with cholera in Bangladesh.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory B Cell and Other Immune Responses in Children Receiving Two Doses of an Oral Killed Cholera Vaccine Compared to Responses following Natural Cholera Infection in Bangladesh

Leung¹,

Rahman²,

Mohasin³

et al. 2012

Clin. Vaccine Immunol.

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ABSTRACTCurrent oral cholera vaccines induce lower protective efficacy and shorter duration of protection against cholera than wild-type infection provides, and this difference is most pronounced in young children. Despite this, there are limited data comparing immune responses in children following wild-type disease versus vaccination, especially with regard to memory responses associated with long-term immunity. Here, we report a comparison of immune responses in young children (2 to 5 years of age;n= 20) and older children (6 to 17 years of age;n= 20) given two doses of an oral killed cholera vaccine containing recombinant cholera toxin B subunit (CtxB) 14 days apart and compare these responses to those induced in similarly aged children recovering from infection withVibrio choleraeO1 Ogawa in Bangladesh. We found that the two vaccine groups had comparable vibriocidal and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-specific plasma antibody responses. Vaccinees developed lower levels of IgG memory B cell (MBC) responses against CtxB but no significant MBC responses against LPS. In contrast, children recovering from natural cholera infection developed prominent LPS IgG and IgA MBC responses, as well as CtxB IgG MBC responses. Plasma LPS IgG, IgA, and IgM responses, as well as vibriocidal responses, were also significantly higher in children following disease than after vaccination. Our findings suggest that acute and memory immune responses following oral cholera vaccination in children are significantly lower than those observed following wild-type disease, especially responses targeting LPS. These findings may explain, in part, the lower efficacy of oral cholera vaccination in children.

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“…The decline in efficacy for children is similar to the decline in immunity for those immunized parenterally (161). A similar vaccine study of Peruvian children 2-5 years of age, reported that children did not have vibriocidal antibody titers as high as older individuals did (228). Peruvians immunized with two doses of WC (Inaba/Ogawa) plus recombinant CTB vaccines induced a twofold increase in the vibriocidal serum titers; a booster dose after 10 months increased the titers to what was seen initially after the first two doses (11).…”

Section: Anti-v Cholerae Lps Antibodies In Response To Oral Immunizamentioning

confidence: 99%

The ABCs (Antibody, B Cells, and Carbohydrate Epitopes) of Cholera Immunity: Considerations for an Improved Vaccine

Provenzano

Kòváč

Wade

2006

Microbiology and Immunology

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A Gram-negative bacterium, V. cholerae, causes cholera, the paradigm of water-born infections. Cholera is a highly contagious diarrheal disease (34,199). Diarrhea, which may range from moderate to severe, appears within 1-5 days of ingestion of contaminated food or water. Massive fluid loss and electrolyte imbalance can lead to high mortality if fluid replacement is not provided. Many cholera survivors are immune to a second infection showing that immunity can be acquired (140). Since 1854, when Dr. John Snow demonstrated the cholera contagion at the Broad Street pump in London, and later when Robert Koch (1884) isolated the cholera bacterium in pure culture, biomedical investigators have relentlessly pursued the understanding of V. cholerae pathogenesis in an attempt to prevent future cholera epidemics. As a result, the biology of both cholera and of V. cholerae have become increasingly clear. We know of V. cholerae's ability to sense the environment and respond to different metabolic needs either in estuaries or in the human host (258). We know of El Nino's climatic influence on V. cholerae in Latin America and of the seasonal influence on cholera in endemic areas (126). The potential for V. cholerae bacterial phages to limit (by lysis) the aquatic pool of V. cholerae has been postulated to play a role in endemic cholera (69). Received April 26, 2006Abstract: Cholera, a diarrheal disease, is known for explosive epidemics that can quickly kill thousands. Endemic cholera is a seasonal torment that also has a significant mortality. Not all nations with extensive rural communities can achieve the required infrastructure or behavioral changes to prevent epidemic or endemic cholera. For some communities, a single-dose cholera vaccine that protects those at risk is the most efficacious means to reduce morbidity and mortality. It is clear that our understanding of what a protective cholera immune response is has not progressed at the rate our understanding of the pathogenesis and molecular biology of cholera infection has. This review addresses V. cholerae lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-based immunogens because LPS is the only immunogen proven to induce protective antibody in humans. We discuss the role of anti-LPS antibodies in protection from cholera, the importance and the potential role of B cell subsets in protection that is based on their anatomical location and the intrinsic antigen-receptor specificity of various subsets is introduced.

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Safety, immunogenicity, and lot stability of the whole cell/recombinant B subunit (WC/rCTB) cholera vaccine in Peruvian adults and children.

Cited by 29 publications

References 17 publications

Supplementation with Zinc, but Not Vitamin A, Improves Seroconversion to Vibriocidal Antibody in Children Given an Oral Cholera Vaccine

Supplementation with Zinc, but Not Vitamin A, Improves Seroconversion to Vibriocidal Antibody in Children Given an Oral Cholera Vaccine

Memory B Cell and Other Immune Responses in Children Receiving Two Doses of an Oral Killed Cholera Vaccine Compared to Responses following Natural Cholera Infection in Bangladesh

The ABCs (Antibody, B Cells, and Carbohydrate Epitopes) of Cholera Immunity: Considerations for an Improved Vaccine

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