Safety evaluation of oligofructose: 13 Week rat study and in vitro mutagenicity

Boyle, Frances G.; Wrenn, Jacqueline M.; Marsh, Billie B.; Anderson, Wayne I.; Angelosanto, Frank A.; McCartney, Anne L.; Lien, Eric L.

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2008.06.079

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Augmented gut proliferation is supported in the present study by elevated expression of proglucagon, the precursor of GLP-2, a gut trophic hormone ( 7 ) . While the increase in gut weight that we observed with prebiotics has previously been reported ( 12 ) , the lack of reduction in body weight and fat mass is contrary to many but not all reports with oligofructose supplementation ( 10 , 34 ) .…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Prebiotic fibres dose-dependently increase satiety hormones and alter Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in lean and obese JCR:LA-cp rats

2011

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There is a growing interest in modulating gut microbiota with diet in the context of obesity. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the dose-dependent effects of prebiotics (inulin and oligofructose) on gut satiety hormones, energy expenditure, gastric emptying and gut microbiota. Male lean and obese JCR:LA-cp rats were randomised to either of the following: lean 0 % fibre (LC), lean 10 % fibre (LF), lean 20 % fibre (LHF), obese 0 % fibre (OC), obese 10 % fibre (OF) or obese 20 % fibre (OHF). Body composition, gastric emptying, energy expenditure, plasma satiety hormone concentrations and gut microbiota (using quantitative PCR) were measured. Caecal proglucagon and peptide YY mRNA levels were up-regulated 2-fold in the LF, OF and OHF groups and 3-fold in the LHF group. Ghrelin O-acyltransferase mRNA levels were higher in obese v. lean rats and decreased in the OHF group. Plasma ghrelin response was attenuated in the LHF group. Microbial species measured in the Bacteroidetes division decreased, whereas those in the Firmicutes increased in obese v. lean rats and improved with prebiotic intake. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus increased in the OHF v. OC group. Bacteroides and total bacteria negatively correlated with percentage of body fat and body weight. Enterobacteriaceae increased in conjunction with glucose area under the curve (AUC) and glucagon-like peptide-1 AUC. Bacteroides and total bacteria correlated positively with ghrelin AUC yet negatively with insulin AUC and energy intake (P,0·05). Several of the mechanisms through which prebiotics act (food intake, satiety hormones and alterations in gut microbiota) are regulated in a dose-dependent manner. The combined effects of prebiotics may have therapeutic potential for obesity.Key words: Inulin: Oligofructose: Satiety response: Gut microbiota Prebiotic fibres represent oligosaccharides that are resistant to human digestive enzymes but can be fermented by bacteria in the caeco-colon (1) . Several studies have demonstrated that supplementing the diet, both standard chow (2) and high fat (3,4) , of rodents with inulin, oligofructose or a combination of the two reduces energy intake and fat mass. Suggestions as to the mechanisms responsible for these effects have included alterations in satiety hormone secretion, delayed gastric emptying, energy dilution, increased energy expenditure and modulation of gut microflora.The intestinal mucosa, primarily in the distal ileum, caecum and colon, contains endocrine L-cells that secrete peptides in response to nutrient stimulus (5 -7) . Of particular interest, with respect to weight loss, are the two L-cell-derived anorexigenic peptides, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY), and the X/A-like cell-derived orexigenic peptide ghrelin. Prebiotics have been shown to increase GLP-1 and PYY in human subjects (8,9) and rodent models (2,3,10 -12) . Expression of proglucagon, the precursor of GLP-1, can be up-regulated by SCFA, the end products of fibre fermentation in the gut (12,13) . Ghrelin...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Prebiotic fibres dose-dependently increase satiety hormones and alter Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in lean and obese JCR:LA-cp rats

2011

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“…4). Despite the fact that the addition of oligofructose to yogurt is safe for human consumption and non-toxic (Bolye et al, 2008), and its ingestion is related to benefic effects on human health, such as the growth of probiotic bacteria (Waligora-Dupriet et al, 2007), the consumers rejected buying a yogurt with an elevated addition of oligofructose due to changes in the yogurt characteristics.…”

Section: Survival Analysis Methodologymentioning

confidence: 96%

“…1) with a terminal glucose unit, obtained from the partial enzymatic hydrolysis of native inulin with endoinulinase presenting a polymerization degree oscillating between 2 and 7 (Roberfroid, 2002;Villegas and Costell, 2007). It is a nontoxic and safe human additive (Bolye et al, 2008), whose beneficial effects on human health are not only limited to its use as a dietetic fiber (intestinal traffic control, reduction of cholesterol and increase in calcium absorption) (Waligora-Dupriet et al, 2007;Rao, 2001), but also the benefits derived from its prebiotic nature. Prebiotic ingredients, as oligofructose, promote stimulation of growth and/or activity of colonic bacteria and the regulation of intestinal flora in the colon, as well as inhibiting the growth of pathogens and harmful microorganisms (Tárrega et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing a prebiotic yogurt: Rheological, physico-chemical and microbiological aspects and adequacy of survival analysis methodology

Cruz

Cavalcanti

Guerreiro

et al. 2013

Journal of Food Engineering

141

120

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“…The Committee did not, however, connect the assessment level to the level of concern for the added ingredient; presumably, this would be done on a case-by-case evaluation. It is obvious that a component, such as DHA (docosahexanoic acid), a long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid being part of biological membranes, would warrant a different set of evaluations [16] than for example prebiotics, which can alter the balance of the gut microflora and also having biological activity [17]. Substances already present in human milk appeared to cause the IOM Committee less concern, but these substances include, for example, recombinant human milk proteins (table 1).…”

Section: Preclinical Assessments Range From Cellular-molecular Througmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preclinical Assessment of Infant Formula

Lönnerdal¹

2012

Ann Nutr Metab

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Infant formulas are the sole or predominant source of nutrition for many infants and are fed during a sensitive period of development and may therefore have short- and long-term consequences for infant health. Preclinical safety assessment therefore needs to include both short-term and long-term studies in animals. It is recommended that procedures are instituted by which experts may serve as independent scientists for companies developing novel products, without having their integrity compromised, and later serve the legislative institutions. A two-level assessment approach to determine the potential toxicity of a novel ingredient, its metabolites, and their effects in the matrix on developing organ systems has been suggested by IOM. This appears reasonable, as novel ingredients can be of different levels of concern. The use of modern methods in genomics and proteomics should be considered in these evaluation processes as well as novel methods to evaluate outcomes, including metabolomics and molecular techniques to assess the microbiome.

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Safety evaluation of oligofructose: 13 Week rat study and in vitro mutagenicity

Cited by 19 publications

References 57 publications

Prebiotic fibres dose-dependently increase satiety hormones and alter Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in lean and obese JCR:LA-cp rats

Prebiotic fibres dose-dependently increase satiety hormones and alter Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in lean and obese JCR:LA-cp rats

Developing a prebiotic yogurt: Rheological, physico-chemical and microbiological aspects and adequacy of survival analysis methodology

Preclinical Assessment of Infant Formula

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