Safety evaluation of masonry arches. A numerical procedure based on the thrust line closest to the geometrical axis

Tempesta, Giacomo; Galassi, S.

doi:10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2019.02.036

Cited by 51 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…That is, the lowered arches, among which is the basket-handle arch, and the greatest thickness would be obtained for the stilted arches. For the arch as a structural element, higher safety factor values are obtained in the lowered arches [22].…”

Section: Basket-handle Arch In Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The inverse approach to that proposed by Heyman, is based on obtaining the ideal arch in which the line of thrust moves up and down, until it becomes tangent to the curve intrados and extrados of the real arch at least one point, while remaining within its profile [22]. The result is a region that represents the domain of all probable thrust lines, parallel to those provided by the analysis, wholly contained within the thickness of the arch.…”

Section: Basket-handle Arch In Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

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Basket-Handle Arch and Its Optimum Symmetry Generation as a Structural Element and Keeping the Aesthetic Point of View

et al. 2019

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The arches were a great advance in construction with respect to the rigid Greek linteled architecture. Its development came from the hand of the great Roman constructions, especially with the semicircular arch. In successive historical periods, different types of arches have been emerging, which in addition to their structural function was taking aesthetic characteristics that are used today to define the architectural style. When, in the construction of a bow, the rise is less than half the springing line, the semicircular arch is no longer used and the segmental arch is used, and then on to another more efficient and aesthetic arch, the basket-handle arch. This study examines the classic geometry of the basket-handle arch also called the three-centered arch. A solution is proposed from a constructive and aesthetic point of view, and this is approached both geometrically and analytically, where the relationship between the radius of the central arch and the radius of the lateral arch is minimized. The solution achieved allows the maximum springing line or clear span to be saved with the minimum rise that preserves the aesthetic point of view, since the horizontal thrust of a bow is greater than the relationship between the springing line of the arch and the rise. This solution has been programmed and the resulting software has made it possible to analyse existing arches in historic buildings or constructions to check if their solutions were close or not from both points of view. Thus, it has been possible to verify that in most of the existing arches analyzed, the proposed solution is reached.

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Section: Basket-handle Arch In Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Basket-handle Arch In Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Basket-Handle Arch and Its Optimum Symmetry Generation as a Structural Element and Keeping the Aesthetic Point of View

et al. 2019

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“…The mechanical behaviour of masonry structures can be addressed by the nonlinear procedure proposed by the authors in [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][17][18][19] and already used to assess the safety level of many constructions [20,21].…”

Section: A Nonlinear Procedures For Masonry Rigid-block Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Porta San Giorgio in Florence. Rigid Block Model Analysis for the Crack Pattern Interpretation

Galassi¹,

Tempesta²

2019

Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering (COM

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A distinctive element in the medieval defense architecture is the gate-tower type which was introduced in Florence in the eighties of the 13 th century when the second municipal circle of the city walls was built to enclose the suburbs that had radially developed outside the perimeter of the original Roman plan. Furthermore, a common feature of the Florentine city gates is the presence of two overlapping arches in the external façade, in such a way as to provide a lunette surface for decorative and representative elements. However, the few city gates that were not knocked down together with the city walls in the 19 th century to create, for Florence the new capital of Italy, a ring road surrounding the city, following the model of Paris or Vienna, have currently a reduced height. It was a defense strategy adopted in the 16 th century in order to make them less vulnerable to cannon fire. Porta San Giorgio (hereafter, Saint George Gate), which is located along the Oltrarno city walls, underwent changes that have radically changed its appearance as well. However, its current configuration is also the consequence of more recent interventions consisting in the knocking down of the sixteenthcentury ashlar inferior gate and the wooden door to widen the opening and allow the passage of the cars. Currently, the masonry structure of the gate, made of "pietra forte" blocks, highlights a rather pronounced crack pattern, consisting of a clear sign of sliding blocks of the lower arch. In order to identify the possible causes of these cracks, the authors have used the method they have conceived to perform the nonlinear analysis of a rigid block model. In the paper an historical overview of Saint George Gate and the city walls together with the former results of the investigations on the mechanical behaviour of the gate is provided.

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“…The rampant arch of a single circumferential arch played an essential role in the structural and formal conception of Gothic architecture, creating in the external volume of the cathedrals a succession of dematerialized planes composed of one, two, and even three rows of buttresses, contributing to the spatial richness of the building [11]. The successive rhythm of the flying buttresses and buttresses with their pinnacles of reinforcement makes it possible to open large windows with stained-glass windows that give great luminosity to the interior of the cathedral and give symbolic and immaterial value to the Gothic architecture, which contrasts with the heaviness of the Romanesque architecture it replaced ( Figure 1D) [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rampant Arch and Its Optimum Geometrical Generation

et al. 2019

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Gothic art was developed in western Europe from the second half of the 12th century to the end of the 15th century. The most characteristic Gothic building is the cathedral. Gothic architecture uses well-carved stone ashlars, and its essential elements include the arch. The thrust is transferred by means of external arches (flying buttresses) to external buttresses that end in pinnacles, which accentuates the verticality. The evolution of the flying buttresses should not only be considered as an aesthetic consideration, but also from a constructive point of view as an element of transmission of forces or loads. Thus, one evolves from a beam-type buttress to a simple arch, and finally to a rampant arch. In this work, we study the geometry of the rampant arch to determine which is the optimum from the constructive point of view. The optimum rampant arch obtained is the one with the common tangent to the two arches parallel to the slope line. A computer program was created to determine this optimal rampant arch by means of a numerical or graphical input. It was applied to several well-known and representative cases of Gothic art in France (church of Saint Urbain de Troyes) and Spain (Cathedral of Palma de Mallorca), establishing if they were designs of optimal rampant arches or not.

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Safety evaluation of masonry arches. A numerical procedure based on the thrust line closest to the geometrical axis

Cited by 51 publications

References 46 publications

Basket-Handle Arch and Its Optimum Symmetry Generation as a Structural Element and Keeping the Aesthetic Point of View

Basket-Handle Arch and Its Optimum Symmetry Generation as a Structural Element and Keeping the Aesthetic Point of View

Porta San Giorgio in Florence. Rigid Block Model Analysis for the Crack Pattern Interpretation

Rampant Arch and Its Optimum Geometrical Generation

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