Safety Considerations of Cancer Nanomedicine—A Key Step toward Translation

Liu, Xiangsheng; Tang, Ivanna; Wainberg, Zev A.; Meng, Huan

doi:10.1002/smll.202000673

Cited by 43 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 161 publications

(201 reference statements)

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“…Despite the lack of criteria, it is universally acknowledged that the potential of BNPs to be exploited into drugs can be preliminarily judged from their physicochemical, biochemical, pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic properties 312 . Besides the evaluation of efficacy, it is of great significance to consider the combination of predictive toxicological safety evaluation supported by cogitative investigation on different perspectives including absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicokinetic performance 313 . Owing to the efficacy and safety closely associated with the biomimetic nano-vectors, the design and investigation of BNPs need to address the important physicochemical properties of the nano-vector that may contribute to hazards when the BNPs are applied in humans, promoting the clinical translation of TDDS based on BNPs.…”

Section: Clinical Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress in targeted delivery vectors based on biomimetic nanoparticles

Chen

Hong

Ren

et al. 2021

Sig Transduct Target Ther

134

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Over the past decades, great interest has been given to biomimetic nanoparticles (BNPs) since the rise of targeted drug delivery systems and biomimetic nanotechnology. Biological vectors including cell membranes, extracellular vesicles (EVs), and viruses are considered promising candidates for targeted delivery owing to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. BNPs, the integration of biological vectors and functional agents, are anticipated to load cargos or camouflage synthetic nanoparticles to achieve targeted delivery. Despite their excellent intrinsic properties, natural vectors are deliberately modified to endow multiple functions such as good permeability, improved loading capability, and high specificity. Through structural modification and transformation of the vectors, they are pervasively utilized as more effective vehicles that can deliver contrast agents, chemotherapy drugs, nucleic acids, and genes to target sites for refractory disease therapy. This review summarizes recent advances in targeted delivery vectors based on cell membranes, EVs, and viruses, highlighting the potential applications of BNPs in the fields of biomedical imaging and therapy industry, as well as discussing the possibility of clinical translation and exploitation trend of these BNPs.

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Section: Clinical Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress in targeted delivery vectors based on biomimetic nanoparticles

Chen

Hong

Ren

et al. 2021

Sig Transduct Target Ther

134

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“…The advance of nanotechnology has allowed the development of a variety of nanomaterials that includes, gold and silver, [25,26] liposomes, [27,28] carbon-based NPs (fullerenes, nanotubes, quantum dots, graphene), [13,29,30] iron oxides, [31,32] silica, [33,34] polymeric micelles, [35] among others. At reduced sizes, these nanomaterials acquire special properties that at macroscale do not possess.…”

Section: Design and Properties Of Nanoparticles For Medicinementioning

confidence: 99%

Organ‐on‐a‐Chip: A Preclinical Microfluidic Platform for the Progress of Nanomedicine

Rodrigues

Sousa

Gaspar

et al. 2020

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Nanomedicine has emerged in the last few decades as a field that can significantly impact the diagnose and therapy of human diseases. [1,2] Based on the outstanding properties that materials acquired at the nanoscale, such as high surface-to-volume ratio, high physicochemical stability, high charge carrier mobility and biocompatibility, a variety of nanoformulations have been developed to be applied in medicine by tailoring their size, shape, charge, and surface functional groups. [2,3] Based on those properties, the design of multifunctional nanoparticles (NPs) for nanomedicine is one of the most promising and exciting research areas that is expected to revolutionize the medical field in the next few decades. [4] Some of these multifunctional NPs have the potentiality to combine both diagnosis and therapy, the so-called theranostics, which is one of the ultimate goals of this field to achieve personalized and precise medical care (Figure 1). Among the therapeutic techniques, nanomaterials developed for drug delivery purpose have been widely investigated as smart drug nanocarriers capable to target tumor cells, protect drugs from degradation, enhance drug solubility, improve biodistribution, extend drug life cycle, and prevent lethal side-effects to healthy tissues and organs. [2,3] The design of these smart drug delivery systems can be engineered to target a specific location by taking advantages of the host environment, using for instance antibodies, aptamers or peptides; and then react autonomously as stimuli-responsive drug release agents, triggered by endogeneous chemical reactions (e.g., enzymes, pH, hydrolysis) or exogeneous stimulisensitive mechanisms (e.g., near infrared light, temperature raise induced by an alternating magnetic field, among others). [5] Comprehensive reviews on the topic of smart nano-based drug delivery systems can be found elsewhere. [5,6] Further complex functionality is represented by smart theranostics, which hold high promise for the nanomedicine of the future. Next, recent representative examples from the research arena are described. Cai et al. [7] make use of enzyme-responsiveness to design a cathepsin B-sensitive theranostic agent. They synthesized a biodegradable conjugate composed of a Gd chelate (Gd-DOTA) as a T1-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent, Despite the progress achieved in nanomedicine during the last decade, the translation of new nanotechnology-based therapeutic systems into clinical applications has been slow, especially due to the lack of robust preclinical tissue culture platforms able to mimic the in vivo conditions found in the human body and to predict the performance and biotoxicity of the developed nanomaterials. Organ-on-a-chip (OoC) platforms are novel microfluidic tools that mimic complex human organ functions at the microscale level. These integrated microfluidic networks, with 3D tissue engineered models, have been shown high potential to reduce the discrepancies between the results derived from preclinical and clinical trials. However, ...

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“…However, much remains to be explored before these therapies are truly mature. Several challenges must be solved before applying ginsenoside DDSs in clinical practice [ 226 – 228 ], including the synthesis and large-scale production of controllable and repeatable nanodrugs, the development of a safety evaluation, and the undertaking of clinical research.…”

Section: Clinical Application and Translationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ginsenosides emerging as both bifunctional drugs and nanocarriers for enhanced antitumor therapies

et al. 2021

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Ginsenosides, the main components isolated from Panax ginseng, can play a therapeutic role by inducing tumor cell apoptosis and reducing proliferation, invasion, metastasis; by enhancing immune regulation; and by reversing tumor cell multidrug resistance. However, clinical applications have been limited because of ginsenosides’ physical and chemical properties such as low solubility and poor stability, as well as their short half-life, easy elimination, degradation, and other pharmacokinetic properties in vivo. In recent years, developing a ginsenoside delivery system for bifunctional drugs or carriers has attracted much attention from researchers. To create a precise treatment strategy for cancer, a variety of nano delivery systems and preparation technologies based on ginsenosides have been conducted (e.g., polymer nanoparticles [NPs], liposomes, micelles, microemulsions, protein NPs, metals and inorganic NPs, biomimetic NPs). It is desirable to design a targeted delivery system to achieve antitumor efficacy that can not only cross various barriers but also can enhance immune regulation, eventually converting to a clinical application. Therefore, this review focused on the latest research about delivery systems encapsulated or modified with ginsenosides, and unification of medicines and excipients based on ginsenosides for improving drug bioavailability and targeting ability. In addition, challenges and new treatment methods were discussed to support the development of these new tumor therapeutic agents for use in clinical treatment.

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Safety Considerations of Cancer Nanomedicine—A Key Step toward Translation

Cited by 43 publications

References 161 publications

Recent progress in targeted delivery vectors based on biomimetic nanoparticles

Recent progress in targeted delivery vectors based on biomimetic nanoparticles

Organ‐on‐a‐Chip: A Preclinical Microfluidic Platform for the Progress of Nanomedicine

Ginsenosides emerging as both bifunctional drugs and nanocarriers for enhanced antitumor therapies

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