Safety concerns and potential hazards of occupational brucellosis in developing countries: a review

Dadar, Maryam; Tabibi, Ramin; Alamian, Saeed; Caraballo-Arias, Yohama; Mrema, Ezra J.; Mlimbila, Jane; Chandrasekar, Sashikala; Dzhusupov, Kenesh; Sulaimanova, Cholpon; Alekesheva, Lyailya Zh.; Manar, Smagul A.; Toguzbayeva, K K; Wickramatillake, Aseni; Mirzaei, Bahman

doi:10.1007/s10389-022-01732-0

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…These activities increase the chance of transmission through inhalation, ingestion, or direct contact with infected animals, animal products, or contaminated surfaces. People who work in these environments are at a higher risk for occupational brucellosis [ 39 ]. Handling potentially infectious animals, contaminated biological supplies, and live attenuated anti-brucellosis vaccines are all examples of risk factors for human brucellosis; however, more detailed knowledge regarding the specific risk factors for each occupation as well as how these risks can be measured remains to be elucidated [ 40 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of Diagnostic and Vaccine Strategies for Early Detection and Control of Human Brucellosis, Particularly in Endemic Areas

et al. 2023

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Brucellosis is considered one of the most serious zoonotic diseases worldwide. This disease affects both human and animal health, in addition to being one of the most widespread zoonotic illnesses in the Middle East and Northern Africa. Human brucellosis generally presents in a diverse and non-specific manner, making laboratory confirmation of the diagnosis critical to the patient’s recovery. A coordinated strategy for diagnosing and controlling brucellosis throughout the Middle East is required, as this disease cannot be known to occur without reliable microbiological, molecular, and epidemiological evidence. Consequently, the current review focuses on the current and emerging microbiological diagnostic tools for the early detection and control of human brucellosis. Laboratory assays such as culturing, serology, and molecular analysis can frequently be used to diagnose brucellosis. Although serological markers and nucleic acid amplification techniques are extremely sensitive, and extensive experience has been gained with these techniques in the laboratory diagnosis of brucellosis, a culture is still considered to be the “gold standard” due to the importance of this aspect of public health and clinical care. In endemic regions, however, serological tests remain the primary method of diagnosis due to their low cost, user-friendliness, and strong ability to provide a negative prediction, so they are commonly used. A nucleic acid amplification assay, which is highly sensitive, specific, and safe, is capable of enabling rapid disease diagnosis. Patients who have reportedly fully healed may continue to have positive molecular test results for a long time. Therefore, cultures and serological methods will continue to be the main tools for diagnosing and following up on human brucellosis for as long as no commercial tests or studies demonstrate adequate interlaboratory reproducibility. As there is no approved vaccine that prevents human brucellosis, vaccination-based control of animal brucellosis has become an important part of the management of human brucellosis. Over the past few decades, several studies have been conducted to develop Brucella vaccines, but the problem of controlling brucellosis in both humans and animals remains challenging. Therefore, this review also aims to present an updated overview of the different types of brucellosis vaccines that are currently available.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development of Diagnostic and Vaccine Strategies for Early Detection and Control of Human Brucellosis, Particularly in Endemic Areas

et al. 2023

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“…A recent rise of the disease in this country has been attributed to intensified developments in the dairy industry resulting in increased livestock population [9] . A high seroprevalence of anti- Brucella antibodies has been noted among veterinarians and veterinary pharmacists [22] in previous studies. Along with veterinary professionals, animal handlers comprise a significant population at risk of contracting brucellosis due to their continued involvement in health and management of livestock.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Seroprevalence of brucellosis among animal handlers in West Bengal, India: an occupational health study

Modak,

Biswas,

Mondal

et al. 2024

AIMSMICRO

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<abstract> <p>Brucellosis is a highly contagious zoonotic disease and a major human health problem worldwide. Due to its ways of transmission, direct or indirect contact with infected animals or their contaminated biological products, the disease exhibits strong occupational association with animal handlers comprising a significant population at risk. This study was undertaken to estimate the seroprevalence of brucellosis in animal handlers and to understand the epidemiological and serological aspects of the same. The animal handlers from the state of West Bengal, India were included in this study. It was a prospective and observational cohort study from November 2021 to March 2022. A total of 669 sera samples were collected from animal handlers and tested using various serological tests for <italic>Brucella</italic> antibodies. All serum samples were tested using the Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT), standard tube agglutination test (STAT), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). 106 (15.8%) patients were diagnosed with brucellosis among the total number of patients tested. Most of the patients affected with brucellosis belonged to the age group 51–60 years (23.5%). The seropositivity rate in male animal handlers was higher than female animal handlers in this study. More studies are needed to understand the occupational association of this disease. Awareness programs, safe livestock practices, and prevention of the disease by timely diagnosis must be implemented in order to control human brucellosis.</p> </abstract>

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“…This field of study improves working conditions and practices by raising awareness of potential dangers among employers and workers. Occupational exposure to human brucellosis can occur in the following groups [55]:…”

Section: Occupational Hygienementioning

confidence: 99%

Milk Borne Brucellosis

Almashhadany¹,

Zefenkey²,

Hassannejad³

et al. 2023

Current Issues and Advances in the Dairy Industry

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Milk is full of nutrients, making it an ideal environment for several infectious diseases, that come at the forefront is brucellosis. The zoonotic disease brucellosis in humans is mostly ignored, and the annual number of human cases is commonly reported as 500,000. Consumption of tainted dairy products is the most common vector for the transmission of human Brucellosis. Confirmation of disease via culture is considered the gold standard, but is not always possible. Serological tests and molecular tests are alternative methods. The milk Ring Test is considered the method of choice for the surveillance of dairy herds. The control of risk factors and surveillance are the cornerstones of brucellosis prevention. Eliminating animal infections is the most effective preventative technique. Cattle, goats, and sheep vaccination are advised in enzootic regions with high prevalence rates. The main methods of preventing human infection are public education, food safety measures, occupational hygiene, and laboratory safety. The pasteurization of milk before it is consumed directly or used to make products like cheese is a crucial step in avoiding transmission from animals to people. Both education initiatives and laws prohibiting the sale of unpasteurized milk products can be successful.

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Safety concerns and potential hazards of occupational brucellosis in developing countries: a review

Cited by 10 publications

References 53 publications

The Development of Diagnostic and Vaccine Strategies for Early Detection and Control of Human Brucellosis, Particularly in Endemic Areas

The Development of Diagnostic and Vaccine Strategies for Early Detection and Control of Human Brucellosis, Particularly in Endemic Areas

Seroprevalence of brucellosis among animal handlers in West Bengal, India: an occupational health study

Milk Borne Brucellosis

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