Safety barriers: Research advances and new thoughts on theory, engineering and management

Barriers Involved in the Safety Management Systems: A Systematic Review of Literature

“…In some studies, other terms are used to express a similar meaning of effectiveness; for instance, Hollnagel [ 66 ] used efficiency to describe how well the barrier meets the intended purpose, and Shahrokhi and Bernard [ 79 ] introduced a function of insufficiency to assess the ability of barriers to impede hazardous events. In practice, the effectiveness of safety barriers is closely related to the duration of the objective barriers being functional after the occurrence of accidents or hazardous events [ 27 ], as discussed in the ARAMIS project [ 37 ]. In fact, the duration time of safety barriers has been considered while evaluating the effectiveness of the barriers; therefore, in many cases, the duration time or response time is not listed as an independent parameter for safety barrier performance evaluation, such as in [ 18 , 49 ].…”

“…(2) Availability is another widely accepted parameter to describe safety barrier performance, especially for barriers that are active, as discussed by [ 76 ]. According to [ 27 ], availability can be defined as the capacity of safety barriers to fulfill their anticipated function at a certain time, and the measurement can be made by observing whether the safety barriers have a response when demanded [ 46 , 66 ]; as in the case of the IEC standards [ 82 , 83 ], the average availability refers to the probability of SIS to perform the required SIF within a specific period of time. Sometimes, the availability of safety barriers is expressed by other terms; for instance, in the ARAMIS project, the definition of “level of confidence” is proven to be in line with availability, as previously defined [ 37 ].…”

“…There have already been several review articles on the topic of safety barriers; for example, Sklet [ 9 ] performed a comprehensive review of the aspects of the definition, classification and performance of safety barriers. Later, the performance assessment of fire protection-related safety barriers was summarized by Gomez et al [ 26 ], and most recently, Liu [ 27 ] reviewed the advances associated with safety barriers for the topics of theory, engineering and management. The present study has the following distinct features:…”

Risk management of smart healthcare systems: Delimitation, state-of-arts, process, and perspectives

“…57 One of the main approaches can be summarized as design for safety of medical system, where safety can be realized by two ways: inherent safety design and add-on safety barriers. 121 From the inherent design perspective, Fei et al have developed a policy called as hazard identification and safety insurance control for enhancing safety in the mechanical, electrical and software design of medical robots. 122 Jung has proposed a concept and architecture for visualizing and verifying safety in the design of medical robots by decomposing safety features into reusable mechanisms and configurable specifications.…”

Resilience-based approach to safety barrier performance assessment in process facilities

“…The failure or performance degradation of complex systems is usually caused by certain internal or external events or behaviors. It is essential to comprehend the mechanism of how the system ensure that things are under control and reacts when things are out of safety range (Liu, 2020). The resilience of the safety barrier determines the state of the barrier and system.…”