Safety assessment of propyl-propane-thiosulfonate (PTSO): 90-days oral subchronic toxicity study in rats

Cascajosa-Lira, Antonio; Prieto, Ana I.; Baños, Alberto; Guillamón, Enrique; Moyano, Rosario; Jos, Ángeles; Cameán, Ana M.

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2020.111612

Cited by 18 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The interest in the genotoxicity evaluation of PTS is growing because of new potential applications in the food industry (feed additive, active in food packaging, etc.). Genotoxicity studies are one of the basic sets of toxicological studies included in the guidelines on the safety of feed additives, or substances employed in food contact materials, required by EFSA [ 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ] before their approval.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding the experimental procedure performed in the present work, the combination of the in vivo MN and comet assays into a single rodent study is recommended by EFSA [ 23 ] and OECD protocols [ 28 ] in order to reduce the number of animals employed following the 3Rs principles (replace, reduce, and refine). Moreover, the sensitivity and specificity of the genotoxic damage increase, and the number of false-negative results also decrease [ 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, the extract demonstrated a complete absence of signs of toxicity. In addition, the pure PTSO has also been administered orally to rats for 90 days in a study published by Lira et al [ 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genotoxicity Evaluation of Propyl-Propane-Thiosulfinate (PTS) from Allium genus Essential Oils by a Combination of Micronucleus and Comet Assays in Rats

Cascajosa-Lira

Puerto

Prieto

et al. 2021

Foods

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Propyl-propanethiosulfinate (PTS) is a component of Allium essential oils. This organosulfur molecule can be used as a feed additive to decrease the appearance of bacterial resistances caused by the residues of antibiotics. In previous in vitro genotoxicity studies, contradictory results were reported for PTS. In this work, the in vivo genotoxicity of PTS in male and female rats was assessed for the first time, following OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) guidelines. After oral administration (doses: 5.5, 17.4, and 55.0 mg/kg PTS body weight), a combination of the micronucleus (MN) assay (OECD 474) in bone marrow and the standard and enzyme-modified comet assay (OECD 489) was performed. After necropsy, histopathological studies were also carried out. The results did not show the in vivo genotoxicity of PTS at any doses assayed, revealed by the absence of increased MN, and DNA strand breaks or oxidative DNA damage in the standard and enzyme-modified comet assays. The histopathological study revealed that only the highest dose tested (55.0 mg/kg) in the liver and all dose groups in the stomach presented minimal pathological lesions in the organs studied. Consequently, the present work confirms that PTS is not genotoxic at the doses assayed, and it is a promising natural alternative to synthetic preservatives and antibiotics in animal feed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Genotoxicity Evaluation of Propyl-Propane-Thiosulfinate (PTS) from Allium genus Essential Oils by a Combination of Micronucleus and Comet Assays in Rats

Cascajosa-Lira

Puerto

Prieto

et al. 2021

Foods

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“…Furthermore, their ability to modulate the gut microbiota and improve productivity in piglets and laying hens has been recently demonstrated [ 22 , 23 ]. In addition, both PTS and PTSO have been shown to be toxicologically safe in different studies carried out in cell models and in experimental animals [ 24 , 25 , 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal Activity of Propyl-Propane-Thiosulfinate (PTS) and Propyl-Propane-Thiosulfonate (PTSO) from Allium cepa against Verticillium dahliae: In Vitro and in Planta Assays

Falcón-Piñeiro¹,

Remesal

Noguera

et al. 2021

JoF

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Verticillium wilt, caused by Verticillium dahliae, is the most devastating soil-borne fungal disease of olive trees worldwide. Currently, there is no effective measure available to control the pathogen in diseased plants in open field conditions. Searching more effective and sustainable solutions are a priority for the olive sector. The existing alternatives for disease control include the use of biological control microorganisms and compounds of natural origin from plants, such as Alliaceae. Propyl propane thiosulfinate (PTS) and propyl propane thiosulfonate (PTSO) are two organosulfur compounds derived from Allium cepa with a widely documented antimicrobial activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of PTS and PTSO against the defoliating and non-defoliating V. dahliae pathotypes. Firstly, several in vitro tests were performed (Minimum Antifungal Concentration, susceptibility studies according to the Kirby–Bauer disk-diffusion method, antifungal activity through aerial diffusion and effect on mycelial growth). The ability of both compounds to sanitize soil was evaluated using a sterile substrate inoculated with V. dahliae. Finally, challenges in growth chambers were carried out. PTS and PTSO generated growth inhibition zones in agar diffusion and the gas phase, and the mycelial growth of all the V. dahliae strains was significantly altered. The V. dahliae population in soil was considerably reduced after the sanitization. Finally, in planta assays demonstrated the ability of these compounds to reduce disease related parameters and their contribution to control the phytopathogen. In conclusion, the results showed that the PTS and PTSO from Allium cepa display in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity against V. dahliae and suggested that both compounds could be used as natural and environmentally friendly tools for Verticillium wilt management.

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“…For example, propyl-propane thiosulfonate (PTSO) and propylpropane thiosulfinate (PTS), garlic derived organosulfur compounds, are used as biopackaging materials for food due to their antimicrobial activity leading to enhanced food safety and longer shelf life. [10] Extracts containing PTSO and PTS has also been reported to affect the intestinal mucosal thickness, and ileal villus morphology, which may be beneficial during Salmonella spp and Escherichia coli infection in broiler chickens. [11] Additionally, evidence from mouse studies with PTSO-PTS mixture treatment (80% PTSO, 20%PTS) indicates PTSO-PTS may directly interact with gastrointestinal cells to regulate mucosal immune response by upregulating Reg3g, IFNg and Il33 expression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Garlic-derived organosulfur compounds regulate metabolic and immune pathways in macrophages and attenuate intestinal inflammation in mice

Zhu

Myhill

Andersen-Civil

et al. 2021

Preprint

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ScopeGarlic is a source of bioactive phytonutrients that may have anti-inflammatory or immunomodulatory properties. The mechanism(s) underlying the bioactivity of these compounds and their ability to regulate responses to enteric infections remains unclear.Methods and ResultsWe investigated if a garlic-derived preparation (PTSO-PTS) containing two organosulfur metabolites, propyl-propane thiosulfonate (PTSO) and propyl-propane thiosulfinate (PTS), regulated inflammatory responses in murine macrophages and intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) in vitro, as well as in a model of enteric parasite-induced inflammation. PTSO-PTS decreased lipopolysaccharide-induced secretion of TNFα, IL-6 and IL-27 in macrophages. RNA-sequencing demonstrated that PTSO-PTS strongly suppressed pathways related to immune and inflammatory signaling. PTSO-PTS induced the expression of a number of genes involved in antioxidant responses in IEC during exposure to antigens from the parasite Trichuris muris. In vivo, PTSO-PTS did not affect T. muris establishment or intestinal T-cell responses but significantly altered caecal transcriptomic responses. Notably, a reduction in T. muris-induced expression of Tnf, Saa2 and Nos2 was observed.ConclusionGarlic-derived organosulfur compounds exert anti-inflammatory effects in macrophages and IEC, and regulate gene expression during intestinal infection. These compounds and related organic molecules may thus hold potential as functional food components to improve gut health in humans and animals.

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Safety assessment of propyl-propane-thiosulfonate (PTSO): 90-days oral subchronic toxicity study in rats

Cited by 18 publications

References 25 publications

Genotoxicity Evaluation of Propyl-Propane-Thiosulfinate (PTS) from Allium genus Essential Oils by a Combination of Micronucleus and Comet Assays in Rats

Genotoxicity Evaluation of Propyl-Propane-Thiosulfinate (PTS) from Allium genus Essential Oils by a Combination of Micronucleus and Comet Assays in Rats

Antifungal Activity of Propyl-Propane-Thiosulfinate (PTS) and Propyl-Propane-Thiosulfonate (PTSO) from Allium cepa against Verticillium dahliae: In Vitro and in Planta Assays

Garlic-derived organosulfur compounds regulate metabolic and immune pathways in macrophages and attenuate intestinal inflammation in mice

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