Safety assessment of approximate segregated parallel operation on closely spaced parallel runways

Liu, Fei; Liu, Xinze; Mou, Mingjiang; Zhiqiang, Wei

doi:10.1016/j.cja.2018.12.009

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…, the difference between different end t is within 8 s. Flight accident statistics show that wake encounter accidents typically occur in environments with crosswinds of 1-5 m/s [34]. When the crosswind is less than 1 m/s, the lateral motion of the caused wake vortex is negligible.…”

Section: Experimental Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…). The simulation results of the hazard zone are presented in Figure 9, illustrating the impact of favorable and unfavorable wind directions on the offset of the hazard zone for Flight accident statistics show that wake encounter accidents typically occur in environments with crosswinds of 1-5 m/s [34]. When the crosswind is less than 1 m/s, the lateral motion of the caused wake vortex is negligible.…”

Section: Experimental Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, the width of the hazard zone decreases between 266.40 m and 553.75 m. For wind speeds above 6 m/s, which alter the vortex ring connection time and Crow instability, expressing the change in the width of the hazard zone becomes challenging using empirical equations. The width of the maximum hazard zone also no longer exhibits a linear pattern of change with increasing wind speed [34]. The wind speed (critical value of favorable crosswinds) sufficient to keep the following aircraft from being disturbed by the wake of the preceding aircraft is extracted and shown in Table 4.…”

Section: Experimental Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study of Paired Approach Wake Separation Based on Crosswinds

Pan,

Jiang,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Aerospace

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The effect of crosswinds on paired approach (PA) procedures for Closely Spaced Parallel Runways (CSPR) is investigated in this paper by fully utilizing the crosswind environment to implement a more efficient PA and increase runway capacity. An improved wake dissipation model is used to quickly predict the change in the wake velocity field for the PA procedures. The change in the width of the hazard zone is explored in detail using the roll moment coefficient as a determination index. The calculation method for the hazard zone of a wake encounter in a PA is designed considering the influence of crosswind, turbulence, and ground effect. The results show the diffusion rate of the hazard zone and a decrease in the width of the maximum hazard zone under a breezeless environment with increases in the turbulence intensity. The maximum hazard zone width decreases with an increase in crosswind speed. Favorable crosswinds can reduce wake separation and improve the efficiency of a PA. Lower turbulence intensity has a better crosswind effect under a normal PA. The 3-degree offset PA can accommodate larger unfavorable crosswinds, with a higher turbulence intensity having a better crosswind effect. The 3-degree offset PA can substantially increase the proportion of time when no wake affects the PA procedure.

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Section: Experimental Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study of Paired Approach Wake Separation Based on Crosswinds

Pan,

Jiang,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Aerospace

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“…This concept increased the safety area of paired approaches. Fei et al [15] put forward a simulation and calculation method for flight trajectory, as well as the collision risk calculation method and wake vortex encounter risk calculation method. Fei et al [16] extracted the ocean tracks in space-based ADS-B data, a collision risk model based on the Bayesian network is established, and the error distribution parameters and occurrence frequency are brought into the model to evaluate the collision risk of parallel routes in the ocean area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis and Simulation of Lateral Collision Risk under Paired Approach

Lu,

Zhang,

Chen

et al. 2024

Mathematical Problems in Engineering

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The paired approach can improve the efficiency of closely spaced parallel runways. Calculating the probability and frequency of horizontal overlap is an indispensable step when evaluating the horizontal collision risk of the paired approach. As the generation of horizontal overlap probability is closely related to horizontal position error, we propose a calculation method of horizontal overlap probability based on position error from the perspective of pilot operation. First, according to the principle of flight mechanics, the attitude adjustment model is established for the horizontal direction of the approach process, and the pilot’s operation model for various position errors is based on the concept of the stochastic process. This attitude adjustment model can replicates the process of the pilot operating the steering column to change the aircraft’s attitude. When combined with the pilot’s operation model, it is possible to simulate the position errors generated during the approach process. Building on this, the horizontal overlapping conditions of two aircraft are analyzed to simulate the horizontal overlap process in the paired approach. The duration and instances of overlap counted and the ratio between these results and the total running time give the overlap probability and frequency. Multiple simulations in MATLAB reveal that higher pilot operating accuracy shortens the time for the aircraft to align with the course, whereas lower accuracy leads to unstable horizontal position errors. Furthermore, the horizontal overlap in paired approaches primarily occurs at the beginning of the procedure, and enhancing the pilot’s operating accuracy does not significantly affect the probability and frequency of horizontal overlap.

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“…Aircraft taking off and landing on the same runway or on closely spaced parallel runways (where the lateral spacing between runways is less than 760 m) must maintain a minimum safe separation distance to avoid the adverse effects of wake turbulence from preceding aircraft [1]. Therefore, reducing wake turbulence separation intervals has become an important research focus for improving aircraft takeoff and landing efficiency and airport capacity [2,3]. The evolution and decay of aircraft wake vortices are closely related to the surrounding atmospheric conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Study of Aircraft Wake Vortex Evolution under the Influence of Vertical Winds

Yuan,

Liu,

et al. 2023

Applied Sciences

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Separating wake vortices is crucial for aircraft landing safety and essential to airport operational efficiency. Vertical wind, as a typical atmospheric condition, plays a significant role, and studying the evolution characteristics of wake vortices under this condition is of paramount importance for developing dynamic wake separation systems. In this study, we employed the SST k-ω turbulence model based on an O-Block structured grid to numerically simulate the simplified wing model. We analyzed the variations in the wake vortex structure and parameters of the Airbus A320 during the near-field phase under different vertical wind directions and speeds. The results indicate that favorable vertical winds cause a “flattening” deformation in the wake vortex. Vertical winds reduce the initial vortex strength, accelerate the rate of vortex decay, and influence the trajectory of the vortex core. Notably, under wind speeds of 1~3 m/s, the decay rate is more significant than under 4 m/s. When vertical wind speeds are substantial, it can lead to irregular motion and interactions within the vortex core, forming secondary vortices.

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Safety assessment of approximate segregated parallel operation on closely spaced parallel runways

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

Study of Paired Approach Wake Separation Based on Crosswinds

Study of Paired Approach Wake Separation Based on Crosswinds

Analysis and Simulation of Lateral Collision Risk under Paired Approach

Numerical Study of Aircraft Wake Vortex Evolution under the Influence of Vertical Winds

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