Safety assessment, biological effects, and mechanisms of <i>Myrica rubra</i> fruit extract for anti‐melanogenesis, anti‐oxidation, and free radical scavenging abilities on melanoma cells

Juang, Lih-Jeng; Gao, Xiangyu; Mai, Shou‐Ting; Lee, Chen‐Hung; Lee, Ming‐Chung; Yao, Chao‐Ling

doi:10.1111/jocd.12505

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In this study, the safety and melanin inhibiting effectiveness studies of the selected formulation were evaluated using in human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) and B16 melanoma cells, respectively. [10][11][12] This study aimed to examine the in vitro penetration, cytotoxicity, and anti-melanogenic activity of the developed NAG-MEs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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N‐acetylglucosamine microemulsions: Assessment of skin penetration, cytotoxicity, and anti‐melanogenesis

Wuttikul

Boonme

Thammarat

et al. 2020

J of Cosmetic Dermatology

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Background: N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) is an amino sugar which can reduce melanin production. NAG has previously been formulated for topical use in many nanocarrier systems, excluding microemulsions (MEs). In this study, NAG was prepared in the form of MEs and assessed in terms of skin permeability, cytotoxicity, and effectiveness for cosmetic applications. Aims: To investigate the skin penetration, cytotoxicity, and anti-melanogenesis of Nacetylglucosamine loaded microemulsions (NAG-MEs). Methods: Two NAG-MEs (NME1 and NME2) were prepared. The in vitro penetration study of NAG-MEs was evaluated by modified Franz diffusion cells using full-thickness porcine ear skin as the membrane. The optimized formula was then selected for further assessment of cytotoxicity and efficiency. In vitro cytotoxicity was examined using human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) and B16 melanoma cells. Anti-melanogenic activity was investigated by determination of melanin production of B16 melanoma cells. Results: The cumulative amounts of NAG from NME1 and NME2 in the receptor fluid at 24 hours were 1010.46 ± 31.63 and 1260.99 ± 100.19 µg/cm 2 and those accumulated in the skin membrane were 155.59 ± 19.19 and 181.11 ± 20.38 µg/cm 2 , respectively. NME2 and its blank counterpart (Blank-ME2) showed no adverse effects on the viability of both HaCaT and B16 melanoma cells. The anti-melanogenic activity data showed that the NME2 treated B16 cells exhibited a significant melanin reduction. Conclusions: NAG-MEs could allow NAG penetrate through and accumulate in fullthickness porcine ear skin. NME2 was safe for both normal human keratinocytes and melanoma cells. It also showed effectiveness on anti-melanogenic activity in B16 melanoma cells.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, skin irritation risk caused by topical MEs should be considered. In this study, the safety and melanin inhibiting effectiveness studies of the selected formulation were evaluated using in human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) and B16 melanoma cells, respectively 10‐12 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

N‐acetylglucosamine microemulsions: Assessment of skin penetration, cytotoxicity, and anti‐melanogenesis

Wuttikul

Boonme

Thammarat

et al. 2020

J of Cosmetic Dermatology

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“…The pigment cyanidin‐3‐glucoside has been considered as a marker for anthocyanin analysis of bayberry (Fang, Zhang, Wang, & Sun, ). Natural flavonols, especially myricetin, quercetin, and their glycosides were commonly isolated from bayberry extracts (Juang et al, ; Yao et al, ). Myricetin, also known as hydroxyquercetin, is recognized for its radical scavenging activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chinese bayberry extracts were studied for antioxidant, antibacterial, anticancer, antidiabetes, antidiarrhoeal, and antimelanogenic activities in recent years (Bao et al, ; Juang et al, ; Sun et al, ; Yao et al, ). Nevertheless, the effects of bayberry constituents on P. acnes ‐mediated acne inflammation have not been well explored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppression of Propionibacterium acnes‐stimulated proinflammatory cytokines by Chinese bayberry extracts and its active constituent myricetin in human sebocytes in vitro

Chen

Yang

et al. 2019

Phytotherapy Research

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Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc. (Myricaceae), known as Chinese bayberry, is traditionally used as folk medicine in Asian countries. The interaction of Propionibacterium acnes signalling with sebocytes is considered important in the pathogenesis of acne. In the present study, extracts and active compounds of Chinese bayberry were used to determine chemical antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory effects in P. acnesstimulated human SZ95 sebocytes. A high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection system was used to analyse the phenolic composition of bayberry extracts. Accordingly, the flavonols, myricitrin and myricetin, were found to be abundant in the unhydrolysed and hydrolysed extracts of Chinese bayberry fruits, respectively. The anthocyanin cyanidin-3-glucoside was also predominantly found in the unhydrolysed extracts. Quantification of human inflammatory cytokines indicated that cell-free extracts of P. acnes stimulated IL-8 and IL-6 production, which was inhibited by myricetin, rather than its glycoside or anthocyanin. Myricetin also exhibited inhibitory effects in P. acnes-stimulated gene expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and protein phosphorylation of p70 S6 kinase. In conclusion, myricetin shows a suppressive effect on P. acnes-induced cytokine production through regulation of the TLR and mammalian target of rapamycin pathways. Myricetin goes beyond previous research findings to potentially modulate inflammatory signalling in human sebocytes. These results will be valuable in developing anti-inflammatory agents against skin acne.

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“…Therefore, many compounds have been reported as free radical scavengers, antioxidants, and melanin inhibitors, such as vitamin C, arbutin, kojic acid, ellagic acid, tranexamic acid, potassium methoxysalicylate, and 5,5-dipropyl-biphenyl-2,2-diol, which are important to protect human skin from the damaging effects of UV radiation, such as hyperpigmentation. 2,3 Stingless bees are a group of insects belonging to 5 genera (Dectylurina, Melipona, Meliponula, Lestrimelitta, and Trigona), which play an important role in plant pollination. 4 These genera also produce propolis; a mixture of beeswax, plant resins, and pollens which is used to seal their beehives.…”

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confidence: 99%

Prenylated Flavonoids as Antioxidant and Melanin Inhibitors From Stingless Bee (Wallacetrigona incisa) Propolis

Arung

Syafrizal

Pasedan

et al. 2020

Natural Product Communications

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Propolis from 4 stingless bees ( Homotrigona apicalis, Wallacetrigona incisa, Tetragonula fuscobalteata, and Tetragonula fuscibasis) was investigated in the search for medicinal and cosmetic materials from tropical rainforest resources. Methanol extracts of the propolis were screened using antioxidant and antimelanogenesis assays (tyrosinase enzyme activity and melanin inhibitor in B16 melanoma). The extract of H. apicalis showed the strongest antioxidant activity, both in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assays, with half-maximal inhibitory concentration values of 0.72 ± 0.01 (mg/mL) and 0.26 ± 0.00 (mg/mL), respectively. The H. apicalis extract also displayed the strongest inhibition of tyrosinase (53% at 100 µg/mL). In the B16 melanoma cell assay, the W. incisa extract showed the strongest inhibition of melanin (21%) and was less cytotoxic. The W. incisa extract was fractioned to isolate the compounds with biological activities. Two prenylated flavonoids were obtained, named broussoflavonol F and glyasperin A. Both showed potent antioxidant activities, as well as inhibiting melanin in B16 melanoma, but not tyrosinase activity. These results indicated the potential of methanol extract of W. incisa to be developed for cosmetic material, but further experiments are needed to verify the function.

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Safety assessment, biological effects, and mechanisms of Myrica rubra fruit extract for anti‐melanogenesis, anti‐oxidation, and free radical scavenging abilities on melanoma cells

Abstract: Overall, the water extract of M. rubra fruit is a safe and effective melanin inhibitor and anti-oxidant and can be applied widely in the fields of cosmetics and medicine.

Cited by 17 publications

References 23 publications

N‐acetylglucosamine microemulsions: Assessment of skin penetration, cytotoxicity, and anti‐melanogenesis

N‐acetylglucosamine microemulsions: Assessment of skin penetration, cytotoxicity, and anti‐melanogenesis

Suppression of Propionibacterium acnes‐stimulated proinflammatory cytokines by Chinese bayberry extracts and its active constituent myricetin in human sebocytes in vitro

Prenylated Flavonoids as Antioxidant and Melanin Inhibitors From Stingless Bee (Wallacetrigona incisa) Propolis

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