Safety Assessment and Migration Tests

Picó, Yolanda

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-51271-8.00009-7

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The first step in assessing the potential hazard of polysaccharides-based packaging for a comprehensive risk assessment, in terms of consumer safety, is to evaluate their potential migration into food (usually according to Regulation (EU) No. 10/2011 on plastic materials and articles) [195]. In particular, the solubility of polysaccharides that migrate in the food matrix and/or upon gastrointestinal passage is a crucial factor.…”

Section: Safety Risk Assessment Of Polysaccharide-based Edible Packagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Review of Polysaccharide-Based Materials in Edible Packaging: A Sustainable Approach

Zhao

et al. 2021

Foods

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Edible packaging is a sustainable product and technology that uses one kind of “food” (an edible material) to package another kind of food (a packaged product), and organically integrates food with packaging through ingenious material design. Polysaccharides are a reliable source of edible packaging materials with excellent renewable, biodegradable, and biocompatible properties, as well as antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Using polysaccharide-based materials effectively reduces the dependence on petroleum resources, decreases the carbon footprint of the “product-packaging” system, and provides a “zero-emission” scheme. To date, they have been commercialized and developed rapidly in the food (e.g., fruits and vegetables, meat, nuts, confectioneries, and delicatessens, etc.) packaging industry. However, compared with petroleum-based polymers and plastics, polysaccharides still have limitations in film-forming, mechanical, barrier, and protective properties. Therefore, they need to be improved by reasonable material modifications (chemical or physical modification). This article comprehensively reviews recent research advances, hot issues, and trends of polysaccharide-based materials in edible packaging. Emphasis is given to fundamental compositions and properties, functional modifications, food-packaging applications, and safety risk assessment of polysaccharides (including cellulose, hemicellulose, starch, chitosan, and polysaccharide gums). Therefore, to provide a reference for the development of modern edible packaging.

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Section: Safety Risk Assessment Of Polysaccharide-based Edible Packagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive Review of Polysaccharide-Based Materials in Edible Packaging: A Sustainable Approach

Zhao

et al. 2021

Foods

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“…The migration term is used to refer to the transfer of components (additives or contaminants in some cases) from materials to foods (or simulants) with which they are in contact, under normal conditions of use, processing and storage, and/or in the equivalent test conditions [15].…”

Section: Mathematical Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To analyze and quantify the transfer of nanoparticles to food products and simplify their subsequent detection, food simulants are used instead of real food. The food simulants vary in terms of their chemical properties, thus representing several different food types: hydrophilic (water based), lipophilic (fatty foods) or amphiphilic (foods with watery and fatty properties) [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Starch Nanocomposite Films: Migration Studies of Nanoparticles to Food Simulants and Bio-Disintegration in Soil

et al. 2022

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In this work, films containing AgNPs were obtained by different green synthesis techniques (AgNP in situ and AgNP L). The inclusion of nanoparticles in the starch matrix improved both mechanical and barrier properties. The migration of AgNPs from the nanocomposite material to three food simulants (water, 3% v/v acetic acid and 15% v/v ethanol) was studied. The experimental data were fitted by using different widely accepted mathematical models (Fickian, Ritger and Peppas, and Weibull), indicating that the AgNP migration followed a complex mechanism. The silver concentration (mg Ag per kg of simulant) that was released from the nanocomposite films was higher for the samples with AgNPs in situ than for those containing AgNP L. Likewise, the maximum release value (0.141 mg/dm2 for AgNPs in situ in acetic acid simulant) was lower than the limits proposed by the legislation (European Commission and MERCOSUR; 10 and 8 mg/dm2, respectively). The replacement of conventional plastic materials by biodegradable ones requires the evaluation of bio-disintegration tests in soil. In this sense, a period of 90 days was necessary to obtain ≥50% weight loss in both nanocomposite films. Additionally, the bio-disintegration of the samples did not contribute with phytotoxic compounds to the soil, allowing the germination of fast-growing seeds.

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“…To measure nanomaterials in complex matrices, analysis techniques must make an explicit difference between NPs and other components in the matrix, and the employed methods must be sensitive enough to monitor the matters in low concentrations [68]. On the other hand, a single analysis cannot guarantee the determination of NP migration in all foods and food simulants, at all temperatures, and therefore it is important to utilize several tests to obtain accurate results.…”

Section: Migration Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migration of Silver and Copper Nanoparticles from Food Coating

Ahari

Lahijani

2021

Coatings

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Packaging containing nanoparticles (NPs) can increase the shelf life of products, but the presence of NPs may hazards human life. In this regard, there are reports regarding the side effect and cytotoxicity of nanoparticles. The main aim of this research was to study the migration of silver and copper nanoparticles from the packaging to the food matrix as well as the assessment techniques. The diffusion and migration of nanoparticles can be analyzed by analytical techniques including atomic absorption, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, as well as X-ray diffraction, spectroscopy, migration, and titration. Inductively coupled plasma-based techniques demonstrated the best results. Reports indicated that studies on the migration of Ag/Cu nanoparticles do not agree with each other, but almost all studies agree that the migration of these nanoparticles is higher in acidic environments. There are widespread ambiguities about the mechanism of nanoparticle toxicity, so understanding these nanoparticles and their toxic effects are essential. Nanomaterials that enter the body in a variety of ways can be distributed throughout the body and damage human cells by altering mitochondrial function, producing reactive oxygen, and increasing membrane permeability, leading to toxic effects and chronic disease. Therefore, more research needs to be done on the development of food packaging coatings with consideration given to the main parameters affecting nanoparticles migration.

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Safety Assessment and Migration Tests

Cited by 5 publications

References 43 publications

Comprehensive Review of Polysaccharide-Based Materials in Edible Packaging: A Sustainable Approach

Comprehensive Review of Polysaccharide-Based Materials in Edible Packaging: A Sustainable Approach

Starch Nanocomposite Films: Migration Studies of Nanoparticles to Food Simulants and Bio-Disintegration in Soil

Migration of Silver and Copper Nanoparticles from Food Coating

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