Safety and metabolic characteristics of 17 Enterococcus faecium isolates

Yuksekdag, Zehra Nur; Ahlatci, Nur Seda; Hajikhani, Rasta; Darilmaz, Derya Önal; Beyatlı, Yavuz

doi:10.1007/s00203-021-02536-8

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Lactic acid may break down membrane-bound enzymes and lead to their metabolic assimilation through the lactic acid fermentation pathway to improve food digestibility (Kridsada et al, 2022). We speculate that lactic acid plays an important role in modulating the gut environment, which is conducive to maintaining the dynamic balance of the gut microbiota under alkaline conditions (Yuksekdag et al, 2021). Furthermore, genomic analysis revealed that the sugar uptake gene responsible for lactate production was dispersed across the chromosome and plasmid of E. faecalis LX10, reflecting its metabolic flexibility in efficient lactic acid production.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Features and Colonization Strategies of Enterococcus faecalis in the Gut of Bombyx mori

Zhang

Feng

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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The complex gut microbiome is a malleable microbial community that can undergo remodeling in response to many factors, including the gut environment and microbial properties. Enterococcus has emerged as one of the predominant gut commensal bacterial and plays a fundamental role in the host physiology and health of the major economic agricultural insect, Bombyx mori. Although extensive research on gut structure and microbiome diversity has been carried out, how these microbial consortia are established in multifarious niches within the gut has not been well characterized to date. Here, an Enterococcus species that was stably associated with its host, the model organism B. mori, was identified in the larval gut. GFP–tagged E. faecalis LX10 was constructed as a model bacterium to track the colonization mechanism in the intestine of B. mori. The results revealed that the minimum and optimum colonization results were obtained by feeding at doses of 105 CFU/silkworm and 107 CFU/silkworm, respectively, as confirmed by bioassays and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analyses (FACS). Furthermore, a comprehensive genome-wide exploration of signal sequences provided insight into the relevant colonization properties of E. faecalis LX10. E. faecalis LX10 grew well under alkaline conditions and stably reduced the intestinal pH through lactic acid production. Additionally, the genomic features responsible for lactic acid fermentation were characterized. We further expressed and purified E. faecalis bacteriocin and found that it was particularly effective against other gut bacteria, including Enterococcus casselifavus, Enterococcus mundtii, Serratia marcescens, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and Escherichia coli. In addition, the successful colonization of E. faecalis LX10 led to drastically increased expression of all adhesion genes (znuA, lepB, hssA, adhE, EbpA, and Lap), defense genes (cspp, tagF, and esp), regulation gene (BfmRS), secretion gene (prkC) and immune evasion genes (patA and patB), while the expression of iron acquisition genes (ddpD and metN) was largely unchanged or decreased. This work establishes an unprecedented conceptual model for understanding B. mori–gut microbiota interactions in an ecological context. Moreover, these results shed light on the molecular mechanisms of gut microbiota proliferation and colonization in the intestinal tract of this insect.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Features and Colonization Strategies of Enterococcus faecalis in the Gut of Bombyx mori

Zhang

Feng

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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“…The results of this study indicated that 51.56% of enterococcal isolates were gelatinase producers. The cylA gene is a determinant of lysin production and enables the bacteria to evade the host immune response by destroying cells such as macrophages and neutrophils [ 56 ]. The detection rate of cylA was the lowest in this study, which is consistent with the results of a study related to human clinical infection [ 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance in <i>Enterococcus</i> strains isolated from dogs and cats in Northeast China

YUAN

Liu

Jiang

et al. 2023

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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This study aimed to characterize the antimicrobial resistance and virulence of Enterococcus from dogs and cats in Northeast China and evaluate its zoonotic risk based on a total of 469 enterococci strains from 610 samples, including 238 strains of E. faecium and 128 strains of E. faecalis . The isolation rate from police dog samples was 93.79%, pet dog samples was 69.90% and pet cat samples was 76.67%. The differences in the prevalence of E. faecalis among different hosts were statistically significant ( P <0.05). The assays showed that most of the virulence genes detected were existed in E. faecalis and police dogs carried the least number of virulence genes. The correlation between enterococcal surface protein ( esp ) and aggregation substance ( asa1 ) was determined. Enterococci are most resistant to tetracycline and erythromycin, 68.92% of the isolates were classified as multiple drug resistant. Significant differences ( P <0.01) were found between E. faecium and E. faecalis in the resistance rates of nine antimicrobials. Four positive and four negative correlations were found between virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance. The results show that Enterococcus colonization and excretion in dogs and cats were related to animal species and living environments. Some correlation between virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance was obtained. This study confirmed the presence of strains carrying multiple virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance at the same time, suggesting a public health risk for dogs and cats as reservoirs of enterococci.

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“…We hypothesize that the increase in E. mundtii density in the wax moth midgut increases lactic acid production, thus changing the pH of the gut contents. It is known that lactic acid produced by enterococci can contribute to food digestibility [61] and microbiota regulation [69] and positively affects the viability and reproduction of individuals. However, our measurements of the pH values in the midguts revealed no difference between the diets.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Diet with Amikacin Changes the Bacteriobiome and the Physiological State of Galleria mellonella and Causes Its Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis

Polenogova,

Klementeva,

Kabilov

et al. 2023

Insects

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Environmental pollution with antibiotics can cause antibiotic resistance in microorganisms, including the intestinal microbiota of various insects. The effects of low-dose aminoglycoside antibiotic (amikacin) on the resident gut microbiota of Galleria mellonella, its digestion, its physiological parameters, and the resistance of this species to bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis were investigated. Here, 16S rDNA analysis revealed that the number of non-dominant Enterococcus mundtii bacteria in the eighteenth generation of the wax moth treated with amikacin was increased 73 fold compared to E. faecalis, the dominant bacteria in the native line of the wax moth. These changes were accompanied by increased activity of acidic protease and glutathione-S-transferase in the midgut tissues of larvae. Ultra-thin section electron microscopy detected no changes in the structure of the midgut tissues. In addition, reduced pupa weight and resistance of larvae to B. thuringiensis were observed in the eighteenth generation of the wax moth reared on a diet with amikacin. We suggest that long-term cultivation of wax moth larvae on an artificial diet with an antibiotic leads to its adaptation due to changes in both the gut microbiota community and the physiological state of the insect organism.

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Safety and metabolic characteristics of 17 Enterococcus faecium isolates

Cited by 9 publications

References 76 publications

Features and Colonization Strategies of Enterococcus faecalis in the Gut of Bombyx mori

Features and Colonization Strategies of Enterococcus faecalis in the Gut of Bombyx mori

Virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance in <i>Enterococcus</i> strains isolated from dogs and cats in Northeast China

A Diet with Amikacin Changes the Bacteriobiome and the Physiological State of Galleria mellonella and Causes Its Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis

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