Safety and In Situ Antierosive Effect of CaneCPI-5 on Dental Enamel

Abstract

The sugarcane cystatin (CaneCPI-5) was recently cloned and showed strong binding force to dental enamel and protection against initial erosion. However, evaluations on its safety and efficacy in a situation closer to the clinical condition are necessary. In the present study we analyzed 1) the cytotoxicity of CaneCPI-5 on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs); 2) the ability of CaneCPI-5 to reduce enamel erosion and erosion+abrasion in situ. In part 1, HGFs were treated with CaneCPI-5 (0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 or 1.0 mg/mL) or no treatment (control). The cytotoxicity was assessed after 60 s and 24 h by mitochondrial activity (MTT), confocal microscopy, and hematoxylin/eosin staining. In part 2, 15 volunteers participated in a double-blind crossover protocol consisting of 3 phases, according to the following treatments: 1) 0.1 mg/mL CaneCPI-5; 2) SnCl2/NaF/AmF (Elmex; positive control); 3) water (negative control). The volunteers wore an appliance containing 4 bovine enamel specimens for 5 d. Each day, the specimens were individually treated with 50 µL of the tested solutions per 60 s and then subjected to erosive challenges (0.1% citric acid, pH 2.5, for 90 s, 4 times per day). After the first and last erosive challenge each day, 2 samples were abraded (toothbrushing, 15 s). Enamel wear was measured by contact profilometry. One or two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)/Tukey’s or Sidak’s tests ( P < 0.05) were applied. Regardless of the concentration and the experimental time, CaneCPI-5 did not decrease the cell viability compared to the negative control ( P < 0.05). Erosion+abrasion led to significantly greater wear compared to erosion only. For both conditions, the lowest wear was found for SnCl2 and CaneCPI-5, which did not differ significantly from each other, but showed significant protection when compared to the negative control. In conclusion, CaneCPI-5 is safe on HGFs and reduces enamel erosive wear to the same extent as a commercial solution used to control erosive tooth wear (ETW).

Topical Agents for Nonrestorative Management of Dental Erosion: A Narrative Review

“…CaneCPI-5 is a novel synthesised sugarcane cystatin [ 121 ]. It strongly binds to hydroxyapatite of the enamel surface and forms a protective layer [ 121 , 122 ].…”

“…CaneCPI-5 is a novel synthesised sugarcane cystatin [ 121 ]. It strongly binds to hydroxyapatite of the enamel surface and forms a protective layer [ 121 , 122 ]. The CaneCPI-5 can also improve the protective effect of the salivary pellicle by increasing the number of acid-resistant proteins such as cystatin B [ 121 , 123 , 124 ].…”

“…It strongly binds to hydroxyapatite of the enamel surface and forms a protective layer [ 121 , 122 ]. The CaneCPI-5 can also improve the protective effect of the salivary pellicle by increasing the number of acid-resistant proteins such as cystatin B [ 121 , 123 , 124 ]. In addition, CaneCPI-5 inhibits MMPs and reduces the severity of dentine erosion [ 122 , 123 ].…”

“…One in situ study revealed that CaneCPI-5 reduced bovine enamel loss in erosive challenge [ 121 ]. In vitro studies reported that CaneCPI-5 reduced surface loss in bovine enamel and dentine and hardness change in bovine dentine [ 122 , 123 ].…”

Solutions Containing a Statherin-Derived Peptide Reduce Enamel Erosion in vitro

“…The immobilization of proteins in the acquired pellicle has been proposed as a new measure for the prevention of ETW [Santiago et al, 2017;Carvalho et al, 2020;Martini et al, 2020;Taira et al, 2020;Frazão Câmara et al, 2021;Pelá et al, 2021a;Pelá et al, 2021b;Santos et al, 2021;Reis et al, 2023]. Among the poten-Fig.…”