Safety and Immunogenicity of 26-Valent Group A Streptococcus Vaccine in Healthy Adult Volunteers

Abstract

On the basis of epidemiological data demonstrating that the majority of cases of pharyngitis, necrotizing fasciitis, and other invasive streptococcal infections are caused by a limited number of serotypes, this 26-valent vaccine could have significant impact on the overall burden of streptococcal disease.

Predictors of Death after SevereStreptococcus pyogenesInfection

“…Because S. pyogenes is a largely sporadic infection occurring diffusely throughout the population, opportunities for control of severe infections remain limited. The 26 serotypes included in a multivalent vaccine currently under phase II clinical trials represent 67% of all isolates collected in this study, and 80% of all deaths occurring within 7 days after diagnosis (16). The impact of any vaccine will clearly depend on many factors, with the possibility of serotype replacement undermining any such efforts.…”

Acute Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis in the Northern Territory of Australia: A Review of 16 Years Data and Comparison with the Literature

“…36 A review of the global distribution of emm types by Steer and others 37 found that this vaccine would provide poor coverage of emm types seen in Africa and the Pacific, highlighting the need for further molecular epidemiological data from these regions.…”

Prospective Surveillance of Invasive Group A Streptococcal Disease, Fiji, 2005–2007

“…However, only 1 GAS vaccine, a 26-valent M protein vaccine, has reached phase I and II clinical trials (30). Serotypes included in this vaccine were chosen if they were common emm types in the United States (31,32). Although clinical development of the 26-valent vaccine is in its early stages, our results raise concerns about the applicability of this vaccine to developing country settings, because only 10 of 37 emm types in our study are types included in the vaccine, accounting for 33% of GAS isolates.…”