“…Dramatic advancements in the past decade in the fields of vascular and developmental biology have led to the characterization of multiple cell types with angiogenic and/or myogenic potential, including bone marrow cells (BMC), which have been investigated for the treatment of ischemic heart disease [2,3,4,5]. In patients undergoing coronary artery bypass, BMC transplantation into ischemic myocardium was effective in restoring cardiac function [6,7,8,9,10,11,12], though the benefits were not observed in all cases [13].…”