Safety and efficacy of PLGA(Ag-Fe₃O₄)-coated dental implants in inhibiting bacteria adherence and osteogenic inducement under a magnetic field

Abstract

IntroductionThe placement of dental implants is performed in a contaminated surgical field in the oral cavity, which may lead to implant failure. Bacterial adhesion and proliferation (Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis) often lead to implant infections. Although Ag nanoparticles hold great promise for a broad spectrum of antibacterial activities, their runoff from dental implants compromises their antibacterial efficacy and potentially impairs osteoblast proliferation. Thus, this aspect remains a primary challenge and should be controlled.Materials and methodsIn this study, PLGA(Ag-Fe3O4) was modified on the implanted tooth surface and was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The magnetic and antibacterial properties were also determined.ResultsResults showed that Ag successfully bonded with Fe3O4, and Ag-Fe3O4 not only exerted superparamagnetism but also exhibited antibacterial activity almost identical to silver nanoparticles (nano-Ag). The PLGA(Ag-Fe3O4) coating could significantly maintain the antibacterial activity and avoid bacterial adhesion to the implant. Compared with the blank control group, PLGA(Ag-Fe3O4) under magnetic field-coated samples had a significantly lower amount of colonized S. mutans (P<0.01). Osteoblast proliferation results showed that the coated samples did not exhibit cytotoxicity and could promote osteoblast proliferation as shown by MTT, alkaline phosphatase, and the nucleolar organizer region count.ConclusionWe developed a novel Ag biologically compatible nanoparticle in this study without compromising the nano-Ag antibacterial activity, which provided continuous antibacterial action.

Icariin/Aspirin Composite Coating on TiO2 Nanotubes Surface Induce Immunomodulatory Effect of Macrophage and Improve Osteoblast Activity

“…PLGA is commonly applied in bone tissue engineering because of its favorable mechanical properties and drug-loading capacity [56,57] and used in wound dressings due to its excellent bonding ability [58]. PLGA has also been employed as coating materials on the surface of titanium implants [59,60]. Serving as biodegradable material [61], PLGA polymer-coated nanotube displayed longer drugs release period compared to chitosan-coated nanotubes [62].…”

A Study of 3D-Printable Reinforced Composite Resin: PMMA Modified with Silver Nanoparticles Loaded Cellulose Nanocrystal

“…In addition to the enhancement of mechanical properties, antibacterial activities are also one of key factors affecting the clinical application of composite resins. Though some dental restorative materials are designed with antibacterial properties, the release of these antimicrobial agents is transient and may degrade mechanical properties of composite resins [14]. In addition, it may cause toxic effects on surrounding tissues if antibacterial agents are excessive.…”

Emerging Applications of Drug Delivery Systems in Oral Infectious Diseases Prevention and Treatment

“…PLGA(Ag-Fe3O4)-coated dental implants [175] Sm 7 inhibited bacteria adherence Ag nanoparticles coated on titanium [179] E coli, Sa showed antibacterial effect and sustained release for 7 days Antibiotics doxycycline-coated abutment surfaces [180] Se 8 inhibited the bacterial growth; showed sustained release for least 2 weeks Tetracycline-containing fibers coated titanium implant [171] Pg, Fn 9 ,Pi 10 , Aa showed inhibition of biofilm and kept releasing for 3 days silica-gentamycin coated titanium implant [170] Sa showed antibacterial effect and sustained release for 14 days Tetracycline loaded nanofibers coated titanium implant [43] Aa, Fn, Pg, Pi Showed anti-bacterial effect Tetracycline loaded titanium [181] Pg showed antibacterial efficiency and sustained release for 15 days Cationic antibacterial agents chlorhexidine hexametaphosphate nanoparticles coated titanium [182] Sg demonstrated antibacterial effect and sustained release of soluble chlorhexidine for 99 days The PIXIT implant containing polysiloxane oligomers and chlorhexidine gluconate [183] Clinic trail controlled bacterial adhesion; reduced the bacterial species involved with long-term failure of dental implant Dimethylaminododecyl Methacrylate(DMADDM) coated dental implant [172] saliva-derived biofilm inhibited biofilm growth and regulated microecosystem Bioactive antibacterial agents Chitosan/P-HAP bi-layers coated titanium implant [184] Sg Demonstrated an appropriate mouse pre-osteoblastic cell response, and significant anti-bacterial activity * The bacterial model were showed in abbreviated form: 1 Such kinds of dual-functional DDS not only show antibacterial effects without affecting biocompatibility, but also help promote bone regeneration, which has excellent application potential. However, long-term drug release and multifunctional dental implant research are still limited.…”

“…Furthermore, researchers found out paramagnetic implants can promote the osteogenic response of pre-osteoblast cells. Yang et al reported a PLGA(Ag-Fe3O4)-coated dental implant with antibacterial effect and promotion of osteoblast proliferation as well [175]. Table 3.…”