Safety and efficacy of Ayurvedic interventions and Yoga on long term effects of COVID-19: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Objectives Primary Objective • To assess the efficacy of Ayurveda interventions and Yoga in rehabilitation of COVID-19 cases suffering with long term effects of COVID 19 as compared to WHO Rehabilitation Self-Management after COVID-19- Related Illness. Secondary Objective • To assess the safety of Ayurvedic interventions in cases suffering with long term effects of COVID 19 Trial design Multi-centric, randomized, controlled, parallel group, open-label, exploratory study. The study duration is 9 months and the intervention period is 90 days from the day of enrolment of the participant. Participants Patients of either sex between 18 to 60 years, ambulatory, willing to participate, with history (not more than 4 weeks) of positive RT-PCR for COVID-19 or IgM antibodies positivity for SARS CoV-2, but having negative RT-PCR for COVID-19 at the time of screening will be considered eligible for enrolment in the study. Critically ill patients with ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome), requiring invasive respiratory support in the intensive care unit, known case of any malignancy, immune-compromised state (e.g. HIV), diabetes mellitus, active pulmonary tuberculosis, past history of any chronic respiratory disease, motor neuron disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke, impaired cognition, atrial fibrillation, acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction, severe arrhythmia, concurrent serious hepatic disease or renal disease, pregnant or lactating women, patients on immunosuppressive medications, history of hypersensitivity to the trial drugs or their ingredients, depressive illness (before COVID-19), diagnosed psychotic illnesses, substance dependence or alcoholism will be excluded. The trial will be conducted at two medical colleges in Maharashtra, India. Intervention and comparator Intervention Arm (Group-I): Ayurveda interventions including Agastya Haritaki six gram and Ashwagandha tablet 500 mg twice daily orally after meals with warm water and two sessions of yoga (morning 30 minutes and evening 15 minutes) daily for 90 days, as per the post-COVID-19 care protocol provided in National Clinical Management Protocol based on Ayurveda and Yoga for management of COVID-19 published by Ministry of AYUSH, Government of India. Comparator Arm (Group-II): WHO Rehabilitation Self-Management after COVID-19 related illness for 90 days. The trial drugs are being procured from a GMP certified pharmaceutical company. Main outcomes Primary Outcome: Change in respiratory function to be assessed by San Diego shortness of breath Questionnaire, 6-minutes walk test and pulmonary function test. Secondary Outcomes: Change in High-resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) Chest Change in Fatigue score assessed by Modified Fatigue Impact Scale Change in Anxiety score assessed by Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Score Change in Sleep Quality assessed by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Change in the quality of life assessed by COV19-QoL scale Safety of the interventions will be assessed by comparing hematological and biochemical investigations before and after the intervention period and Adverse Event/ Adverse drug reaction Timelines for Outcome assessment Subjective parameters and clinical assessment will be assessed at baseline, 15th day, 30th day, 60th day and 90th day. Laboratory parameters (CBC, LFT, KFT, HbA1c, Hs-CRP, D-dimer), Pulmonary function test and HRCT Chest will be done at baseline and after completion of study period i.e. 90th day. Randomisation Statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 15.0 is used to generate the random number sequences. The participants will be randomized to two study groups in the ratio of 1:1. Blinding (masking) The study is open-label design. However, the outcome assessor will be kept blinded regarding the study group allocation of the participants. Numbers to be randomised (sample size) Sample size The sample size for the study is calculated assuming improvement in 6-minutes walk test by 40 meter in Group I and a change of 10 meter in Group II with a standard deviation of 50 meter based on the results of the previous studies, with 95% Confidence Level (α = 0.05) and 80% power and expecting a dropout rate of 20%. The number of participants to be enrolled in the study should be approximately 55 in each group. Hence, a total of 110 participants will be enrolled in the trial at each study site. Trial Status Participants’ recruitment started on 1st May 2021. Anticipated end of recruitment is August 2021. Protocol number: CCRAS-01 Protocol version number: 1.1, 13th January 2021. Trial registration The trial is prospectively registered with the Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI) on 03rd March 2021 [CTRI/2021/03/031686]. Full protocol The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Journal website (Additional file 1). This communication serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol.

Post-COVID-19 Depressive Symptoms: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Pharmacological Treatment

“…A potential modulation of monoamine function, stress axis response, and autonomic activity, paired with a reduction of anxiety and depressive symptomatology, has been postulated to be associated with ayurveda traditional practices [ 180 ]. Therefore, such a traditional practice could be beneficial both in terms of psychological effect and in terms of moderating the risk or severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and its safety and efficacy should be tested in future studies [ 181 ]. Curcumin is known for an antiviral activity against many types of enveloped viruses, including SARS-CoV-2 [ 182 ], by modulating NF-κB, inflammasome, IL-6 trans signal, and HMGB1 pathways [ 183 ].…”

Yoga, Meditation, Breathing Exercises, and Inflammatory Biomarkers with Possible Implications in COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

“…In a case report, a 55-year-old COVID-19 positive with comorbidities had his COVID-19 symptoms alleviated as well as his blood sugar level improved after treatment with ayurvedic medicine, yoga, dietary suggestions, lifestyle modifications, and allopathic medications [68]. Another ongoing study can strengthen the importance of yoga intervention in improving the health of COVID-19 patients [69].…”

Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Long COVID: Scoping Review and Bibliometric Analysis

“…Among the 13 published protocols, most were protocols for SRs and meta-analyses and only two were RCT protocols [ 15 , 23 ]. Dyspnea or pulmonary dysfunction were the target conditions of the protocols in five publications [ 12 , 15 , 20 , 23 , 24 ], and the quality of life assessment was present in six publications [ 13 , 16 , 18 , 21 , 22 , 25 ]. Olfactory dysfunction [ 17 ] or psychological symptoms [ 14 ] were assessed in one study each.…”

“…e electronic database searches identified 16 publications, including two clinical studies [10,11] and 14 study protocols of SRs or clinical studies (Figure 1) [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Among the 13 published protocols, most were protocols for SRs and meta-analyses and only two were RCT protocols [15,23].…”

“…e electronic database searches identified 16 publications, including two clinical studies [10,11] and 14 study protocols of SRs or clinical studies (Figure 1) [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Among the 13 published protocols, most were protocols for SRs and meta-analyses and only two were RCT protocols [15,23]. Dyspnea or pulmonary dysfunction were the target conditions of the protocols in five publications [12,15,20,23,24], and the quality of life assessment was present in six publications [13,16,18,21,22,25].…”