Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of an aqueous extract of Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck (lemon extract) for use in all animal species (Nor‐Feed SAS)

Abstract

Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the safety and efficacy of an aqueous extract of Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck (lemon extract) when used as a sensory additive in feed for all animal species. The FEEDAP Panel concluded that the additive under assessment is safe for all animal species up to the maximum proposed use levels of 1,000 mg/kg complete feed and 250 mg/kg water for drinking. No concerns for consumers were identified following the use of lemon extract up to the highest safe level in feed. The additive should be considered a skin and eye irritant, and a potential corrosive. The use of the extract in animal feed under the proposed conditions was not expected to pose a risk for the environment. Lemon extract was recognised to flavour food. Since its function in feed would be essentially the same as that in food, no further demonstration of efficacy was considered necessary.

Mutagenic, Acute, and Subchronic Toxicity Studies of the Hesperetin-7-Glucoside–β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex

“…The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) derived a no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of 500 mg HSP/kg/day from the above - mentioned study. 14 …”

“…The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) derived a no-observedadverse-effect level (NOAEL) of 500 mg HSP/kg/day from the above-mentioned study. 14 Matsumoto et al 10 recently reported OECD-compliant toxicity studies of GH showing that a subchronic oral (dietary admix) toxicity study in rats showed no deaths and no treatment-related adverse effects at 0.45%, 1.5%, and 5.0% GH, resulted in a NOEL of 5.0% GH in the diet, which corresponds to 3084 mg/kg/day for male rats and 3428 mg/kg/ day for female rats. Mayumi et al 15 performed a subchronic oral (dietary admix) toxicity study of methyl HSP in B6C3F mice and concluded that methyl HSP exerts no obvious toxic effects at a dose as high as 5.0%.…”

Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of an aqueous extract of Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck (Citrozest®) for weaned piglets and all growing poultry species (Nor‐Feed SAS)

“…The safety of the additive Citrozest® when used at the maximum proposed use levels in feed for weaned piglets and growing poultry species has been already established in a previous opinion (EFSA FEEDAP Panel, 2021). The Panel concluded that the additive is safe for weaned piglets and all growing poultry up to 1,000 mg/kg complete feed.…”

Dietary Protection against Cognitive Impairment, Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer’s Disease Animal Models of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation

“…Hesperetin is a polyphenolic plant compound from the flavonoid group, derived from hesperidin and predominantly found in citrus fruits, such as oranges and grapefruit, whose intake is associated with a lower risk of neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, along with neuroprotective effects in different models of neurodegenerative disorders [ 104 ]. The EFSA reported several studies that investigated the safety of hesperidin in rats, concluding that 500 mg/kg was the maximum dose showing no adverse effects, while the highest dose tested (1000 mg/kg/day) elicited significant alterations in body and organ weight, hematology, clinical chemistry and tissue histopathology [ 105 ].…”