“…Currently, the feasibility and effectiveness of ultrasound-guided TDC insertion compared to fluoroscopy-guided TDC insertion remain unclear. Several studies have compared the outcomes of TDC insertion with and without fluoroscopy [ 9 , 10 ]. However, these studies mainly focused on the success rate of surgery, complications, and long-term postoperative patency of the catheter, with little emphasis on immediate catheter usage, the major goal of hemodialysis catheter placement.…”