Safety and antidiarrheal activity of Priva adhaerens aqueous leaf extract in a murine model

Abstract

Ethnopharmacological relevance Priva adhaerens (Forssk.) Chiov., a wildly growing plant, is reported in central Uganda to be an effective traditional remedy for diarrhea. The objective of this study was to provide a scientific basis for the ethnopharmacological utility of this plant whose aqueous leaf and shoot extract was evaluated for acute toxicity and antidiarrheal activity using a murine model. Materials and methods Acute toxicity of the aqueous leaf and shoot extract was assessed after determining the major phytochemicals present in the extract. The aqueous leaf and shoot extract was assayed against castor oil-induced diarrhea, transit time, and enteropooling, in comparison to loperamide, a standard drug. Results The oral LD50 value obtained for Priva adhaerens aqueous extract was greater than 5000 mg/kg in rats; the aqueous leaf and shoot extract possessed several important phytochemicals. Furthermore, the aqueous extract significantly, and dose-dependently, reduced frequency of stooling in castor oil-induced diarrhea, intestinal motility, and castor oil-induced enteropooling in rats. Conclusion This murine model shows that it is relatively safe to orally use the aqueous leaf and shoot extract of Priva adhaerens . The aqueous extract contains phytochemicals that are active for the treatment of diarrhea in a rat model.

Preparation of Galla Chinensis Oral Solution as well as Its Stability, Safety, and Antidiarrheal Activity Evaluation

“…After 30 min, except for the normal control, each animal had 0.2 mL of castor oil by gavage. A further 30 min later, mice received 0.3 mL of charcoal meal (5% deactivated charcoal in 10% aqueous tragacanth) [ 35 ]. Then, all mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation after 30 min.…”

“…The total length of the small intestines and the moving distance of charcoal meal in the guts were measured. Intestinal motilities were evaluated by the percentage [ 9 , 35 ] which is called moving distance inhibition rate: …”

Antidiarrhoeal activity of Aristolochia argentina Gris. (Aristolochiaceae) in rodents

“…The roots of this plant are used in folk medicine and are commercially available. The infusions and tinctures are used mainly for the treatment of colitis, diarrhoea and hemorrhoids (Priestap et al, 2003). Traditionally, has been used as antirheumatic, emmenagogue, diuretic, diaphoretic, antidiarrhoeal and antihemorrhoids (Hieronymus, 1882;Saggesse et al, 1959;Ratera and Ratera, 1980;Martinez et al, 2005;Arias Toledo et al, 2007Barboza et al, 2006Barboza et al, , 2009Trillo et al, 2010;Ceballos et al, 2014).…”

“…Diarrhoea can be caused by an increased osmotic load within the intestine resulting in retention of water within the lumen; excessive secretion of electrolytes and water into the intestinal lumen; exudation of protein and fluid from the mucosa; and altered intestinal motility resulting in rapid transit and decreased fluid absorption (Shakey and Wallace, 2012). Diarrhoea is considered as one of the leading causes of growth retardation and death in infants (Petri et al, 2008). Diarrhoea remains the second leading cause of death among children under five globally.…”

Comparative assessment of the anti-diarrhoeal effects of the ethanol leaf and stem extracts of lantana camara in Wistar rats

“…Infection is spread through contaminated food or drinking water, or from person to person as a result of poor personal hygiene. Diarrhoea can also be caused by food intolerance, food poisoning or as a side effect of certain medications [5]. Despite different pathophysiological changes in different types of diarrhoea, there are four major mechanisms responsible for pathophysiology in electrolyte and water transport that is, increased luminal osmolarity, increased electrolyte secretion, decreased electrolyte absorption and accelerated intestinal motility causing decreased transit time [6].…”