Safe storage of selected fuels with regard to their tendency to spontaneous combustion

Věžníková, Hana; Perďochová, Michaela; Bernatík, Aleš; Binkau, B.

doi:10.1016/j.jlp.2014.03.011

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Wood chips often heat up during storage, which can be attributed to microbial activity and chemical oxidation (Krigstin and Wetzel 2016). This heat development can, in some cases, lead to self-ignition of the stored biomass (Veznikova et al 2014, Alakoski et al 2016). In addition, microbial activity and oxidation can lead to dry matter losses and high energy losses from stored biomass (Jirjis 1995).…”

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confidence: 99%

Storage of Wood Chips

Anerud

Larsson

Eliasson

2020

Croat. j. for. eng. (Online)

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To make forest biomass more competitive, increased efficiency in the handling and supply system is needed, thus producing high-quality fuel at a lower cost. Operating costs can be reduced if the target chip size is increased, as this increases productivity and reduces chipper fuel consumption. However, the chips need to be storedin order to meet fluctuating seasonal demand and maintain high machine utilisation. Due to biomass degradation, storage of comminuted biomass can lead to high energy losses, but can also increase fuel quality, e.g. by reducing moisture content and increasing net calorific value. This study evaluated the effects of storage on dry matter losses and differences in fuel quality of the stored biomass for three target chip sizes and three materials during six months of storage. The results showed that coarse chips had significantly lower moisture content and lower energy losses after storage than fine chips. Overall, changes during storage resulted in an economic loss of 3–4% per oven-dry ton for fine chips, but an economic gain of 2–6% for coarse chips. Thus increased target chip size can increase the competitiveness of forest biomass through decreased production costs and reduced storage costs. It can also ensure higher, more consistent fuel quality.

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confidence: 99%

Storage of Wood Chips

Anerud

Larsson

Eliasson

2020

Croat. j. for. eng. (Online)

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“…For a body with a characteristic length (radius, height, thickness) and constant parameters (such as the activation energy, kinetic factor (including terms of fuel and oxygen concentrations), oxidation enthalpy and effective internal heat conductivity), the temperature of the outer surface is critical to runaway. For temperatures of the external surface less than the critical temperature, the body can reach a pseudo-stationary state where there is a stable temperature gradient between the maximum temperature at the center of the body and the outer surface [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Spontaneous Ignition of Grass: Chemical Oxidation and Water Vapor Sorption

Font

2021

Fire Technol

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Self-heating of biomass by chemical oxidation, which can cause spontaneous ignition, is a safety and management concern. This process can be accelerated by aerobic fermentation and water vapor sorption. The chemical oxidation and water vapor sorption of grass were studied in a laboratory oven, measuring the variations in weight and the internal temperature of a sphere with grass within a flexible polymeric network. Both processes were simulated to prove that the proposed mathematical model could fit the experimental data. It was observed that the water vapor sorption capacity of the grass was high, so the experimental increase in the internal temperature of a spherical body was around 47 K, from 73°C to 120°C. This fact can be very important because the chemical oxidation of grass accelerates at high temperatures. For scaling, simulation programs were used to study the sorption and oxidation processes with an increase in internal temperature in spherical bodies and infinite plane slabs. These results can be used to obtain those of other geometric symmetries by interpolation. It was deduced that at 70°C and with vapor sorption, the ignition time can be around 3 days to 5 days, while without vapor sorption, the ignition times can be around 110 days to 140 days. For 35°C the ignition times with vapor sorption can be around 12 days to 18 days, while without vapor sorption the ignition times can be around 3700 days to 4500 days. These results can be of interest for warehouses of similar biomass and for forestry research and management groups of wildfires. Graphical Abstract

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“…25−30 These investigations have significantly facilitated the understanding of the self-heating process in a biomass. Moreover, to effectively prevent the occurrence of self-ignition in a biomass, Veznikova et al 31 determined the temperature and time at which the wood pellet self-ignites. Luo et al 32 evaluated the self-heating and spontaneous combustion risk of biomass, whereas Xu et al 33 investigated the influence of the presence of soluble components on the spontaneous combustion risk of a sawdust sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory Investigation on the Spontaneous Combustion of a Lignocellulosic Biomass and Its Suppression by Chemical Inhibitors

Tang

Jinqiang

2020

Energy Fuels

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To understand the risk factors of spontaneous combustion fire during the storage process of a biomass pile, the effects of various factors on its self-ignition process under adiabatic oxidation conditions were investigated. Thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to analyze the behavior of a series of biomass samples before and after the inhibition. A total of 12 typical inorganic salts and antioxidants were used as chemical inhibitors for suppressing the spontaneous combustion of the lignocellulosic biomass. A steady increase in the heating rate of the compound can be observed with a decrease in the particle size from 4.00 to 0.18 mm. Samples with a moisture content of 1% are most susceptible to spontaneous combustion. Interestingly, the effect of the ventilation rate on the self-heating properties of the samples increases when the temperature is higher than 70 °C. In the 40–350 °C range, CaCl2, citric acid, MgCl2, and Na3PO4 reduce the heat release by 123.32–492.15 J/g. Among these compounds, CaCl2 exhibits the optimal inhibition effect. According to the FTIR results, the inhibitors mainly target the −OH, C–O, C–H, and CO groups. Moreover, the weakening of these active sites by slowing their oxidation rate is the main responsible for retarding the spontaneous combustion of the biomass. This work contributes in the development of novel strategies to shed some light on the spontaneous combustion of biomasses.

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Safe storage of selected fuels with regard to their tendency to spontaneous combustion

Cited by 16 publications

References 7 publications

Storage of Wood Chips

Storage of Wood Chips

Analysis of Spontaneous Ignition of Grass: Chemical Oxidation and Water Vapor Sorption

Laboratory Investigation on the Spontaneous Combustion of a Lignocellulosic Biomass and Its Suppression by Chemical Inhibitors

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