Safe injection techniques

Effect of single dose preoperative intramuscular dexamethasone injection on lower impacted third molar surgery

“…Surgery was performed under local anaesthesia using the same technique: triangular flap elevation, some buccal bone removal with tooth division and wound closure by interrupted suture 14 . The postoperative medication for both groups was 500 mg amoxicillin four times a day for 5 days, and 1 g paracetamol every 4-6 h as needed, but did not exceed 4 g per day.…”

Intravenous cannulation, intravenous infusion and prescription of intravenous fluids

“…These medications may be given in smaller volumes of 20-100 mls over a shorter period of time. 4 5 • When immediate effect is required. • To maintain hydration in a nil-by-mouth patient.…”

Effect on pain of changing the needle prior to administering medicine intramuscularly: a randomized controlled trial

“…Hay (1995) and Murphy (1991) suggested that one of the factors associated with increased client discomfort was the injection technique used by clinicians. Further strategies highlighted in the literature to minimize pain during the procedure are to have a good technique, to give clients appropriate information, to be a calm and confident nurse, to use a drawing‐up needle, to use the smallest diameter needle, to flick the skin or tap the injection site before swabbing, to stretch the skin, to enter the skin quickly, to distract the client and to inject the medication slowly (Campbell 1995, Workman 1999, Rodger & King 2000, Schechter et al. 2007).…”

“…Rock (2000) recommended that a two‐needle process should be used to reduce consumer discomfort – one needle for preparation and one for administration. There is agreement in the literature as to the use of drawing‐up needles prior to injecting the medication (Beyea & Nicoll 1995, Workman 1999, Engstrom et al. 2000, Nicoll & Hesby 2002).…”

“…2000, Nicoll & Hesby 2002). The use of separate needles to draw up and administer medication ensures that the tip of the needle is sharp and free from medication residue (Beyea & Nicoll 1995, Workman 1999, Al Awaidy et al. 2006).…”